Questions On Economics And Finance - 2149 Words

ECON1009 – INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS AND FINANCE SP2, 2016 Answer ALL the questions, as listed below, following the instructions provided in the Course Outline (Assessment #3 - Take Home Examination, pages 9-10). QUESTION 1 Using appropriate diagrams, discuss how an increase or an improvement in the following non-price determinants of supply would change equilibrium prices and quantities. (a) Technology, (b) Input/resource prices, (c) Taxes and subsidies, and (d) Expectations of producers. (4*5=20 Marks) QUESTION 2 Suppose South Australian consumers’ average incomes increase from $3,000 to $3,400 per month, which then results in an increase in the quantity of smartphones demanded from 15,000 to18,500. You are required to do the following: (a) Calculate the income elasticity of demand (Ey), (b) Interpret the income elasticity of demand coefficient, and (c) Explain whether smartphone is a normal good or a luxury good or an inferior good and why? (10+5+5=20 marks) QUESTION 3 (a) What is ‘demand-pull’ inï ¬â€šation and how does it differ from ‘cost-push’ inï ¬â€šation? Demand-pull inflation is the term used to describe (b) When the economy approaches full employment, why does demand-pull inï ¬â€šation become a problem? 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Financial Accounting for Business Cycles

Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting for Business Cycles. Answer: Introduction The following study evaluates the different concepts of measurement in accounting. In addition, it examines the issues in the measurement of accounting in the context of the global financial crisis. For the purpose of the study, Rio Tinto has been selected. The companys 2106 annual report has been evaluated to understand the issues pertaining to the issues of measurement in accounting. In addition, the various measurement concepts in accounting have been stated in the study. It can be stated that the brand follows the fair value accounting concept that can assist the business entity in the development of the accounting strategies in the global business market. However, in the present global market the historical method as well as the present value method shall assist the management of the business entity in assessing the asset and the liabilities of the business entity . The issues in the measurement shall relate to the non-compliance of the accounting guidelines and the changes in t he accounting methods adopted by the business entity than in the past year. Bull (2014) mentioned that the measurement concepts that are adopted in the business entity in the accounting sector have been related to accounting policies taken by the business entity. In the context of Rio Tinto, the remuneration that has been offered to the employees has to be assessed by the individual companies and this has helped the company to determine its financial policies. However, this has led to issues in accounting measurements in various reputed business units based in Australia. Thus, it becomes necessary to strictly adhere to the accounting guidelines and the framework related to such issues. However, factors like the changes in the market conditions as well as the changes in the accounting methods adopted by the business enterprise can have an impact on measurement of accounting in the business entity . Besides this, the changes in the accounting procedures can hamper the process of assessment and comparison with the past years. Pratt (2013) mentioned that the companies adhering to the IASB/AASB standards have traditionally struggled with the issues of measurement in the context of the accounting. Following are the problems in measurement in the context of the IASB standards and framework. The changes in the market conditions- The changes in the market conditions shall have an impact on the measurement of the IASB standards in the organization. As such, this shall have an impact on the assessment procedures of the organization. Brinca et al. (2016) mentioone The vulnerable market conditions shall relate to the operational policies of the business entity and that shall have an impact on the operational policies of the business entity. As such, this shall have an impact on the operational policies of the business entity. The issues in the measurement of financial policies of the organization shall lead the organization to growth and prosperity in the international market. Changes In The Financial Policies - The changes in the financial policies of the organization shall have an impact on the financial policies of the organization. As such, this shall lead to issues in the operational policies of the organization. In this regard, it can be said that the alterations in the financial strategies in the organization. Changes in The Accounting Method The changes in the accounting method in the organization shall hamper the assessment procedures in the organization. This shall change the procedures and the methods involved in the preparation of the accounts in the organization. Ismail and King (2014) mentioned that the alterations in the accounting procedures in the organization shall hamper the assessment procedure in the organization and therefore assist the business entity in the development of the goals and the objectives of the business entity. Variable expenses - DRURY (2013) stated that the variable expenses of the business entity should differ with each successive years. As such, the changes in the variable expenses of the business entity shall affect the assessment procedures in the organization. The variable expenses of the business entity shall change with the changes in the operational expenses of the business entity. Following are the issues in measurement in the context of the IASB standards. Taxation Procedures Hartman ad Mouritsen (2013) mentioned that Companies operating in different companies are subjected to different taxation procedures and guidelines. As such, the taxation procedures in the organization shall be changed as per the different guidelines in the international market. Thus, the assessment procedures in the organization shall have to be altered as per the needs of the market. Thus, the business entity shall help to develop the uniform taxation procedures that shall assist the business s entity in the correct payment of taxes. According to Holmes (2012), the taxation procedures shall be vastly distinct in different parts .As such , this would hamper the assessment procedures in accounting. Thus, conducting the taxation procedures would have an impact on the operational policies of the business entity. Auditing measurements - The auditing guidelines are different in different countries. As such, the organization shall have to adapt to the business procedures in bringing in transparency as well as authenticity in the financial statements of the organization (Wesfarmers, 2016). Thus, the auditing measurements shall be suited to the country where the country is operating. Thus, the company shall follow the global accounting standards in the organization. According to Scott (2016), the auditing standards that are to be followed in the business entity shall be of assistance to the business entity in reducing the discrepancies in the organization. Thus, the management of the organization shall have to take appropriate measures that shall assist the business entity to make its financial statements more authentic. In the case of Rio Tinto , the brand has been operating in many countries where the auditing guidelines are distinct . This has posted an issue for Rio Tinto regarding the measur ement of the financial reports in the organization. Thus, Rio Tinto has to take in-depth data analysis to present its financial statements in an appropriate manner. According to Kaplan and Atkinson (2015), Rio Tinto has taken pertinent measures to overcome this threat for the business entity. Bad debts It is necessary to identify the amount of bad debts in the taxation procedures of the organization. Thus, this shall assist the business organization to identify the relevant taxation procedures that shall help in the growth and the prosperity of the business entity in the international market. Needles et al. (2013) mentioned that Rio Tinto being a multinational company could have several bad debts in lying in different countries. The bad debts of the organization shall help the business entity in the growth of the business enterprise. In the recent years, Rio Tinto has faced a number of bad debts, which has led to discrepancies in the financial statements of the organization. As such, this has assisted the business entity to develop the financial statements of the business entity as per the goals and the objectives of the business entity Non compliance with the AASB standard Otley and Emmanuel (2013) stated that the non-compliance with the AASB standard should hamper the process s of assessment in the context of the buyers. As such, this would result in measurement issues for the company. In this regard, it can be said that the non-compliance with the IASB standards in the organization would lead to disproportionate allocation of expenses within the business organization In addition this shall lead in discrepancies in the financial statements of the business entity. As such, the non compliance with the financial statements can lead to issues in the financial statements for the business entity. According to Hodgson and Russell, M. (2014), this has been one of the primary causes which has led to measurement issues in accounting. The measurement in accounting depends on two bases that include the choice of the unit of measurement as well as the attribute that is required to be measured. According to Stice and Stice (2013), the accountings concept SAFC 5 confirms those areas. The monitory unit that shall be used in the measurement of the accounting concepts shall have an impact on the operational policies of the business entity. Besides this , the organization have stated that different monitory attributes like historical cost, net realizable value as well as the present value of the future cash flow can be used to measure the financial statements of the business entity . As such, this shall have an impact on the operational strategies of the business entity. In regard to this Deegan (2012) noted that property, plant as well as the equipment are the items that can be assessed at the historical cos. As such, the fair market value shall assist the business enterprise in assessing the financial statements as per the existing market condition. According to Haider (2015), the present value measurements have been in accounting for measurements. As such this is the primary tool through which the measurement in accounting is executed. The present value is the tool of a recent FASB statement. In the present global market , the present value measurements has been used to facilitate organizational changes in the global market . Rankin et al. (2012), the Fair value method is also one of the methods in the measurement of accounting. As such, t the fair value method is an authentic presentation of the measures that can be used in the measurement in accounting. Deegan (2012) stated that the accounting measures should help the business entity in the authentic representation of the financial statements of the organization. In this regard, it can be said that the Fair value, method has been one of the essential procedures that have facilitated financial transparency and growth in the economic condition of the business entity (Wesfarmers, 2016). In this regard, it can be said that the fair value method assesses the financial condition of the business entity in a free and fair manner. The historical value method assesses the financial condition based on the past results. Hopper (2012) mentioned that the historical method of accounting evaluates the price of the asset based on its past value. The historical method of accounting uses the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to evaluate the assets on the basis it was originally acquired. Holmes (2012) noted that entities that use the historical method of accounting shall evaluate the assets on the basis of its originally acquired value, even if such values have changed significantly over a period of time. However, not all assets are assessed at the historical cost. The marketable securities of the company cannot be assessed at the fair value method of the company. In the case of Rio Tinto, such marketable securities are measured at the fair value method. Besides this Gray (2014) noted that Rio Tinto has been following the fair value method in assessing the assets in the organization. Thus, the Assets like building, plant and equipment as well as land are assessed at the market price in the organization. This has assisted the business entity in the development of the goals and the objectives of the business entity. Prodhan (2013) mentioned that the realization accounting principle refers to the accrual accounting model in the preparation of the annual financial statements of the organization. The recognition of revenue in the business entity shall help the business entity to correctly assess the financial position of the business entity. As such , the realizable revenue shall be recognized depending on the following two conditions 1. The earning process shall be processed to be complete 2. The presence of reasonable certainty in the gathering of revenue for the business entity. The realization accounting principle shall help the business enterprise in the authentic recognition of revenue in the organization. This has been an effective tool in the preparation of the accounting statements in the business entity. The revenue shall only be recognized if the financial transactions are fully recorded in the books of the accounts. As such, this shall helop De Simone (2016) mentioned that the Generally Accepted Accounting principles (GAAP) offers the framework through which major business enterprises operating in Australia shall prepare their year ended financial statements As such, this shall help the business entity to prepare authentic financial statements and forecasts the future financial condition of thee business enterprise. In the case of Rio Tinto, the KPIS were used as the measure to assess the remuneration of the executives. As such, this shall help the business entity to determine the operational processes of the business entity. Thus the KPIS has been used as an effective tool for decision making. The KPIS has been an useful tool for the management for the business entity for taking measures that shall be essential for the firm for decision-making. Watts et al. (2014) mentioned that Rio Tinto has been using the usage of KPI shall have an impact on the decision making of the users. This has also assisted the business entity for the assessment of the financial position of the business entity. In this regard, it can be said that the KPI offers the opportunity for the fair comparison of the e= financial statements with the past year. In the case of Rio Tinto there has been a consistency in the assessment procedures of the organization for successive years. As such, this has assisted the business entity in the development of the financial years. Besides this Fuest et al.(2013) noted that Rio Tinto has been constantly monitoring its financials statements to identify any discrepancy that can have an impact on the preparation of the annual reports of the company. The measurements have been effective to determine the financial position of the business entity and respond appropriately for organizational growth. Rio Tinto has been effective in determining the operational policies of the business entity. Ismail and King, (2014), The brand being a multinational corporation shall have to be adjust according to the rules and the regulations of the business enterprise. There has been effective coordination between the operational policies of the business entity to help in the decision-making processes of the business entity. The remuneration policies of the business entity shall have to be established as per the business regulations of the entity. Parker (2014) mentioned that The KPIs have been an essential tool in the measurement of accounting .As such, this shall help the business entity in the development of tools of the business entity. The brand has made efforts to adhere to the IASB and the AASB framework. The operational expenses of the business entity have been stated in the financial statements of the business entity. in the case of Rio Tinto , the accounts are developed and shall adhere to the required guidelines. Conclusion Rio Tinto has been strictly adhering to the AASB/ IASB accounting regulations in the business entity. As such, this has assisted the business enterprise in the development of the accounting statements in a true and fair manner. The brand has been using the KPIS to ensure the assessment of the remuneration policies of the business entity. This has enabled the business entity to develop pre-determined guidelines as per the needs of the business entity. In addition, this shall help the entity to identify any discrepancy in the financial statements of the business enterprise. The fair value, historical method of accounting as well as the present value of the business entity shall assist the business enterprises to facilitate measurement in accounting . As such, this shall help the business. Rio Tinto follows the fair value accounting method in the assessment of the assets and the liabilities of the business entity. The Generally accounting principles (GAAP) have been an effective in determining the financial policies followed in the business enterprise. However, there has been issues s in the measurement if the accounts are prepared as per the AASB/IASB framework. These include the violation of the principle of consistency in the development of the accounts. Thus, this shall prevent the business entity in comparison of the financial statements of the business entity with the past years. Besides this, the non-compliance with the accounting guidelines shall also lead to measurement issues in the business organization. In addition, it can be said that the complexities in the business operations shall lead to the measurement issues for the business enterprise. Apart from these factors, the presence of bad debts and uncertainties in the recognition of revenue for the busines s entity. The brand has faced issues regarding the assessment of the assets in the business organization. References Brinca, P., Chari, V. V., Kehoe, P. J., McGrattan, E. (2016). Accounting for Business Cycles (No. 531). Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Bull, R. J. (2014). Accounting in business. Butterworth-Heinemann. Cortesi, A., Tettamanzi, P., Scaccabarozzi, U., Spertini, I., Castoldi, S. (2015). Advanced Financial Accounting: Financial Statement AnalysisAccounting IssuesGroup Accounts. EGEA spa. De Simone, L. (2016). Does a common set of accounting standards affect tax-motivated income shifting for multinational firms?. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61(1), 145-165. Deegan, C. (2012). Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. DRURY, C. M. (2013). Management and cost accounting. Springer. Fuest, C., Spengel, C., Finke, K., Heckemeyer, J., Nusser, H. (2013). Profit shifting and'aggressive'tax planning by multinational firms: Issues and options for reform. ZEW-Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper, (13-044). Gray, S. J. (Ed.). (2014). International accounting and transnational decisions. Butterworth-Heinemann. Haider, S. (2015). Exploring the Relationship between Changes in Accounting Policies and Valuation of Australian Banking Firms (Doctoral dissertation, Victoria University). Hartmann, B., Mouritsen, J. (2013). Inscribing the future: goodwill accounting at the nexus of financial and management accounting. In 2nd Workshop on Financial Reporting and Auditing as Social and Organizational Practice (pp. 1-43). Hodgson, A., Russell, M. (2014). Comprehending comprehensive income.Australian Accounting Review, 24(2), 100-110. Holmes, K. (2012). 14 Taxation and accounting issues in development policies. Handbook of Accounting and Development, 245. Hopper, T. (2012). Handbook of accounting and development. Edward Elgar Publishing. Ismail, N. A., King, M. (2014). Factors influencing the alignment of accounting information systems in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms. Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), 1-20. Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015). Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Needles, B. E., Powers, M., Crosson, S. V. (2013). Principles of accounting. Cengage Learning. Otley, D., Emmanuel, K. M. C. (2013). Readings in accounting for management control. Springer. Parker, R. H. (2014). Some international aspects of accounting. International Accounting and Transnational Decisions, 9. Pratt, J. (2013). Financial accounting in an economic context. Wiley Global Education. Prodhan, B. (2013). Multinational Accounting (RLE Accounting): Segment Disclosure and Risk (Vol. 59). Routledge. Rankin, M., Stanton, P. A., McGowan, S. C., Ferlauto, K., Tilling, M. (2012). Contemporary issues in accounting. John Wiley and Sons Australia, Limited. Scott, P. (2016). Accounting for Business. Oxford University Press. Stice, E. K., Stice, J. D. (2013). Intermediate accounting. Cengage Learning Watts, D., Yapa, P. S., Dellaportas, S. (2014). The case of a newly implemented modern management accounting system in a multinational manufacturing company. Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal, 8(2), 121. Wesfarmers, (2016). Retrieved 3 September 2016, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/reports/2015-annual-report.pdf

Training for Hrm free essay sample

Topics Employment Laws and Applications Job Analysis and Job Design Planning and Recruiting Selection Orientation and Solicitation Training and Development Evaluating Employee Performance Compensation Administration Incentive and Benefits Administration Labor Unions Negotiation and Collective Bargaining Health, Safety, and Appease Turnover, Discipline, and Exits Social Responsibility and Ethics Course Goals/Objectives The objectives for this course are to develop the participants appreciation and understanding of the role of Human Resource Management in the hospitality industry and to recognize the issues faced by Human Resource managers in recruiting, motivating and retaining employees. Program Goals This course fits into the overall program by covering a key component of the hospitality industry; the role of Human Resources in Hospitality, Recreation and Resorts.Human Resource managers are often called upon to use critical honking to resolve the many issues that arise relative to a diversified workforce. Managers often face issues relative to ethics, labor laws, discrimination, and benefits coordination and must be able to communicate and collaborate effectively with others in order to perform their duties. We will write a custom essay sample on Training for Hrm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Human Resource managers must also stay abreast of the latest trends by researching and comparing benefits that are being offered in other industries. Defending the decisions they make relative to employees, benefits, and enforcing rules and regulations is a normal part of their responsibilities. Students taking this course will be exposed to the kinds of decisions that managers are often called upon to make in this area of hospitality.Student Learning Outcomes (Solo) As an outcome of this course each student should have acquired the knowledge, comprehension and skills needed to complete the following student learning objectives: 1 . Describe the EEOC, distinguish between EYE laws and affirmative action, and list major areas of EYE abuse and litigation. 2. Explain the importance Of job analysis and describe how the results of job analysis are used in job descriptions and job specifications. 3. Explain and apply methods for forecasting labor demand, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external recruiting. 4. Describe the importance of the selection process, and identify the types of selection errors and biases managers must overcome when interviewing job applicants. 5.Explain the purpose of an orientation program, explain the importance of a solicitation program, and distinguish between a general property orientation and a specific job orientation. 6. Identify and describe the stages of the training cycle, and explain how a training needs assessment is developed and conducted. 7. Describe the functions of performance appraisals, and identify the principal types of rating systems used in appraising performance. 8. Describe types of compensation, and outline the major influences on compensation plans. 9. Outline the steps and identify options for establishing pay structures. 10. Summarize current issues in compensation administration. 11. Identify the characteristics and advantages of effective incentive programs. 12.Describe four general categories of employee benefits and several factors to consider when developing benefit plans. 13. Outline the reasons employees join unions, analyze statistics of union membership, and describe how unions are adapting as they look to the future. 14. Identify mandatory, voluntary, and illegal collective bargaining issues and common economic and non-economic reasons behind bargaining. 15. Describe how managers should prepare for collective bargaining choose a negotiating team, and select a bargaining strategy. 16. Summarize the history, scope, and goal of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and describe the enforcement of OSHA standards and requirements. 17. Final Grade Determination -Scores will be weighted based on 100% Quizzes 130% Class Participation I Individual Project Group Project Weekly Assignments Assessment 115% I 115% Five Quizzes comprised of multiple choice and true and false questions will be given based on reading assignments from the text book. Quiz questions are directly tied to a competency that is identified in the course. Quiz dates are listed online under each weeks assignments. Please plan ahead the quizzes can only be taken during the time frame allotted which is Monday AM through Wednesdays MOM. Class participation will be measured by the quality ND content of a students contribution to weekly discussions and completion of assignments.Students are required to post (participate) at least three times in every discussion this should include at least one comment on another students posting. A grading rubric will be used and is posted under the content tab. Two projects, one individual and one group will be determined during the first two weeks of the course. Both of these projects will be based on students being able to demonstrate their knowledge, comprehension and skills covering a range of competencies outlined on the Curriculum Map. A grading fabric will be used. Weekly Assignments covering vocabulary and case studies will be assessed for content, accuracy, and critical thinking. A drop box will be set up for each weekly assignment.Please refer to the EWE Student Handbook for a list of behaviors that fall under the definition of academic misconduct. The handbook also outlines the penalties for academic misconduct and the due process procedures that must be followed. The Student Code of Conduct is posted at the following URL: http:// UHF. Deed/soar/ The LIFE Academic Misconduct Policy is posted at the following URL: http://UHF. Deed/academic/policies/misconduct/misconduct. CFML Additional Information on Plagiarism Your writing is your intellectual property. Guard it carefully. You could find yourself in the unpleasant position of trying to prove that you are the true author of this work.Save preliminary drafts of your work, reading notes, data collection sheets, and copies of library sources you make while researching your paper. You may be asked to produce these if questions of authorship arise. Make back-up copies to protect your work from computer failures. Your Instructor reserves the right to submit written assignments to the Turning service or use other methods to evaluate the originality of the work submitted. Your Instructor will remove personal identifiers from any electronic files I submit to the Turning database for evaluation. Plagiarism is a serious violation of academic standards and will be punished severely.

Beyond Pythagoras Essay Example

Beyond Pythagoras Essay Example Beyond Pythagoras Essay Beyond Pythagoras Essay Mathematics Coursework BEYOND PYTHAGORAS By Asif Azam 1) The numbers 3, 4, and 5 satisfy the condition 3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ because 3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 33 =9 4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 44 = 16 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 55 = 25 and so 3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ I will now have to find out if the following sets of numbers satisfy a similar condition of (smallest number) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + (middle number) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (largest number) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. a) 5, 12, 13 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 12à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 25 + 144 = 169 = 13à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ b) 7, 24, 25 7à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 24à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 49 + 576 = 625 = 25à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2) Perimeter 5 5 + 12 + 13 = 20 12 studentcentral.co.uk 7 7 + 24 + 25 = 56 24 wwfe few stfefeud efe fent cfe enfetral fecofe uk: b) Nth term Length of shortest side Length of middle side wwdd ddw stddddud edd ddnt cdd enddtral ddcodd uk. Length of longest side Perimeter Area +2 +1 1 wwbf bfw stbfbfud ebf bfnt cbf enbftral bfcobf uk. 3 4 5 12 6 2 5 12 13 30 30 +2 3 7 24 25 56 84 4 wwef efw stefefud eef efnt cef eneftral efcoef uk; 9 40 41 90 180 +2 5 11 60 61 132 330 +2 6 13 84 Tochv8Ey Visit studentcentral cb co cb uk cb for more cb Do not cb redistribute Tochv8Ey 85 182 546 7 15 112 113 240 840 +2 8 17 144 145 306 1224 9 19 180 181 380 1710 wwdd ddw stddddud edd ddnt cdd enddtral ddcodd uk. 10 21 220 221 462 2310 I looked at the table and noticed that there was only 1 difference between the length of the middle side and the length of the longest side. And also if you can see in the shortest side column, it goes up by 2. I have also noticed that the area is 1/2 (shortest side) x (middle side). 3) In this section I will be working out and finding out the formulas for: * Shortest side * Middle side * Longest side In finding out the formula for the shortest side I predict that the formula will be something to do with the differences between the lengths (which is 2). But I dont know the formula so I will have to work that out. wwfe few stfefeud efe fent cfe enfetral fecofe uk. Firstly I will be finding out the formula for the shortest side. 3 5 7 9 11 2 2 2 2 The differences between the lengths of the shortest side are 2. This means the equation must be something to do with 2n. Lets see Nth term Length of shortest side 1 3 2n 2 x 1 = 2 (wrong) There is only a difference of +1 between 2n and the shortest side, so this means the formula should be 2n+1. To see if Im correct I will now test this formula. 2n+1 Nth term Length of shortest side 1 3 21+1=3 (correct) Just in case I will test this formula in the next term: 2n+1 Nth term Length of shortest side 2 5 22=4 4+1=5 (correct) I now have to work out the formula for the middle side. I predict that the formula has got to do with something about the differences in lengths. (For instance in this case is 4), most likely 4n.However, because 4 is the difference, the formula must be nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. I now believe that the answer will have something to do with 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. So, I will now write the answers for 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. This coursework from www.studentcentral.co.uk (studentcentral.co.uk/coursework/essays/2255.html) Reproduction or retransmission in whole or in part expressly prohibited 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ work for the first term, but, it then collapses after this, as the difference between 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ gets larger, the thing you notice is that the difference in the 2nd term between 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and the middle side is the middle side for the term before. This goes for all the other terms from the 2nd. This means that if I subtract the previous term, then I should in theory get the correct answer. 16-4 = 12 36-12 = 24 64-24 = 40 Etc. So, the equation I have so far is: 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½- (previous middle side) = middle side All the previous terms is, (n 1), so if I put this into the above formula, then it should give me my middle side. 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4(1-1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = middle side This should in theory give me my middle side. I will test my theory with the first term. wweb ebw stebebud eeb ebnt ceb enebtral ebcoeb uk; 4 x 12 4(1-1) = 4 4 x 1 4 x 0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 4 4 4 x 0 = 4 4 0 = 4 4 = 4 My formula works for the first term. I will now check if this formula works for the next term. 4 x 2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4(2 1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 12 4 x 4 4 x 1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 12 16 4 x 1 = 12 16 4 = 12 12 = 12 My formula also works for the 2nd term. You may be thinking that this is the correct formula but just to check, I will check this formula for the 3rd term. 4 x 3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4(3-1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 24 4 x 4 4 x 2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 24 36 4 x 4 = 24 36 16 = 24 20 = 24 My formula did not work for the 3rd term. It now looks as if 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4(n 1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is not the correct formula after all. To check, I will look to see if the formula works using the 4th term. 4 x 4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4(4 1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 40 4 x 16 4 x 3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 40 64 36 = 40 wwdb dbw stdbdbud edb dbnt cdb endbtral dbcodb uk. 28 = 40 My formula doesnt work for the 4th term either. I can now safely say that 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4(n 1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is definitely not the correct formula for the middle side. I believe the problem with 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4(n 1) was that 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, once you start using the larger numbers, it becomes far too high to bring it back down to the number I want for the middle side. Also, 4(n 1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is not as small when it gets larger so it doesnt bring the 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ down enough, to equal the middle side. I will now look at the difference to see if I can find a pattern there. 1 4 11 20 31 3 7 9 11 2 2 2 The difference here is 2, which means that the answer will involve 2 and nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. I will try 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. I can see that the difference between 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and the middle number is the 2 times table. The 2 times table in the nth term is 2n. I now think 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n is the correct formula. I will now test it using the first three terms. 2 x 1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 x 1 = 4 2 x 1 + 2 = 4 2 + 2 = 4 4 = 4 My formula works for the first term; so, I will now check it in the next term. 2 x 2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 x 2 = 12 2 x 4 + 4 = 12 8 + 4 = 12 12 = 12 My formula works for the 2nd term. If it works for the 3rd term I can safely say that 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n is the correct formula. 2 x 3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 x 3 = 24 2 x 9 + 6 = 24 18 + 6 = 24 24 = 24 My formula also works for the 3rd term. I am now certain that 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n is the correct formula for finding the middle side. Middle side = 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n I now have the much easier task of finding a formula for the longest side. To start with, I am going to draw out a table containing the middle and longest sides. from www.studentcentral.co.uk Length of middle side Length of longest side +1 4 5 12 13 24 25 40 41 60 61 84 85 112 wwfa faw stfafaud efa fant cfa enfatral facofa uk. 113 144 145 180 181 220 221 From this table I know that there is only one difference, which is +1 between the middle and longest side. So: (Middle side) + 1 = longest side I predict that this formula will be the correct one for the longest side: 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1 = longest side. wwbg bgw stbgbgud ebg bgnt cbg enbgtral bgcobg uk. I am very certain that this is the correct formula. I will check anyway using the first three terms: 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1 = 5 2 x 1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 x 1 + 1 = 5 2 + 2 + 1 = 5 5 = 5 The formula works for the first term. 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1 = 25 2 x 3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 x 3 + 1 = 25 18 + 6 + 1 = 25 wwcf cfw stcfcfud ecf cfnt ccf encftral cfcocf uk! 25 = 25 The formula also works for the second term 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1 = 13 2 x 2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 x 2 + 1 = 13 8 + 4 + 1 = 13 13 = 13 The formula works for all three terms. So Longest side = 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1 Now I will check that: 2n + 1 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n and 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1 Form a Pythagorean triple or in other words aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ aà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + bà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = cà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ This equals: (2n + 1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ If you then put these equations into brackets: (2n + 1)(2n + 1) + (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n)(2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n) = (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1)(2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1) If I work out this equation out by balancing them in each side and I end up with nothing, then 2n + 1, 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n and 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1 is a Pythagorean triple. 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4n = 2n + 2n 8nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4n = 4n 1 = 1 I now end up with 0 = 0, so 2n + 1, 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n and 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1 is a Pythagorean triple. I now have the nth term for each of the three sides of a right-angled triangle. I can now work out, both, the nth term for the perimeter and the nth term for the area. The perimeter of any triangle is just the length of the 3 sides added together. E.g. 1st term 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 So 12 is the perimeter for the first term 2nd term 5 + 12 + 13 = 30 3rd term 7 + 24 + 25 = 56 And so on. All I have to do is put all the 3 formulas together. Perimeter = (shortest side) + (middle side) + (longest side) f0KAU1K from f0KAU1K student f0KAU1K central f0KAU1K co f0KAU1K uk = 2n + 1 + 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 1 = 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n + 2n + 2n + 1 + 1 = 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 6n + 2 If I have done my calculations properly then I should have the right answer. To check this I am going use the 4th, 5th and 6th terms. 4th term: 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 = perimeter 4 x 4à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 6 x 4 + 2 = 9 + 40 + 41 64 + 24 + 2 = 90 90 = 90 It works for the 4th term Lets see if it works for the 5th term: 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 = perimeter 4 x 5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 6 x 2 = 11 + 60 + 61 100 + 30 + 2 = 132 132 = 132 And it works for the 5th term And finally the 6th term: 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 6nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 = perimeter 4 x 6à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 6 x 6 + 2 = 13 + 84 + 85 144 + 36 + 2 = 182 182 = 182 It works for all the terms so: Perimeter = 4nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 6n + 2 wwed edw stededud eed ednt ced enedtral edcoed uk! Like the area I know that the area of a triangle is found by: Area = 1/2 (b x h) b = base h = height Depending on which way the right angled triangle is the shortest or middle side can either be the base or height because it doesnt really matter which way round they go, as Ill get the same answer either way. Area = 1/2 (shortest side) X (middle side) = 1/2 (2n + 1) x (2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n) = (2n + 1)(2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n) I will check this formula on the first two terms: (2n + 1)(2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n) = 1/2 (b x h) (2 x 1 + 1)(2 x 1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 x 1) = 1/2 x 3 x 4 3 x 4 = 1/2 x 12 12 = 6 6 = 6 2nd term: (2n + 1)(2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n) = 1/2 b h (2 x 2 + 1)(2 x 2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2 x 2) = 1/2 x 5 x 12 5 x 12 = 1/2 x 60 60 = 30 30 = 30 It works for both of the terms. This means: Area = (2n + 1)(2nà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ + 2n)

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The City of London Essay London is the capital city of United kingdom and it is considered as the chief city of British Commonwealth. It is considered one of the greatest and oldest centers of finance, industry and culture in the world. The city is also one of the largest in the world (How stuff works, par 1). It is preparing to host 2016 World Cup and for that matter, it is crucial to know what is behind the magnificent city of London. This essay seeks to explore on aspects that characterize the city right from its geography, history, culture and political jurisdiction. London is located at latitude 51.30’ north and longitude 0. 70 west. It is situated in Lambeth; south East of England in United Kingdom (Maplandia, par 1). The city is 2. 6 square kilometers (Easy expert, par 2). It also lies on the Thames river about 40 miles from the North Sea (How stuff works, par 2). Roughly, the river divides the city into two equal parts and it is on two hills on the bank north of Thames (How stuff works, par 2-3) . The river’s embankments are in central London. Along the great bend of the river, is the Victoria embankment. Other embankments include the Albert and Chelsea which are further upstream. This river is characterized by great bridges for example, Tower, London, Westminster and waterloo bridges (How stuff works 1, par 7). Geographical Features London has so many natural areas throughout the city. For example Meadows such as Kellaly; forests such as Meadow lily woods and Medway valley heritage forest; Wetlands like Westminster ponds among others. Moreover, it also harbors 22 kilometers paved paths for bikes along the Thames River (Tourism London All, par 1). Political jurisdiction The corporation of London is the one that administers the city headed by the Lord Mayor. The Greater London has 33 boroughs with the inner one having 14 and the outer London having 19 boroughs. The greater London has an elected mayor with an assembly and it is also the administrative entity in England (Britannica Encyclopedia, par 2). The city is governed following feudal system of government. The body that is involved with decision making is the court of common council which has 100 members who are elected directly from 25 wards in the city. This council meets every four weeks but committees meet more regularly. They have committees concerned with finance, education, policy and resources, planning and transportation. Some committees have members who have no voting rights in the corporation and are members because of their specialist expertise. The overall leader is the historic Lord mayor but the policy and resources committee’s chairman represents the body to the media (Stevens, par 6-7). The representatives of the boroughs form the assembly of the great London which boasts of its own constitution (Easy expert, par. 2). For one to be eligible for elections, he or she must be a free man in the city. Elections are not based on political parties. There is also the court of Aldermen where each ward elects one Alderman adding up to 25 Aldermen. The office of the Aldermen has diminished significance and today, they just discharge judicial function as magistrates and are also allowed to sit in the court of common council’s committees with no allowances (Stevens, par 10). Origins of This Great City The origin of London can be dated back to 43 AD. Before Romans invaded the land, no permanent settlement existed but only River Thames flowing surrounded by small islands of gravel and sand. When comparing the population of mosquitoes and people, the former were many (Britain express, par 1). London has been inhabited for more than 5000 years but it was only characterized by marshes and forests instead of a city. The city itself was started by Romans about 2000 yeas ago but originally, they called it Londinium. During the invasion, they landed in Kent and passed through River Thames sailing upwards. They knew the strategic importance of the river in controlling the crossing point at the river. So, they built on the north bank, a settlement. They carefully chose two spots in two hills, which were small and where the river was narrowing, and built a bridge. This is the London Bridge that is known today. They brought up buildings, a port and streets and they named the settlement Londinium which became the capital city of the Roman Britain (Barrow, par 2-3). The original London could only last for several years, little more than 10, and the ships could reach there making the city to become a trading center (museum of London, par 4-5). The bridge was very significant as it was the center for the road networks that sprung up from the crossing place, and thus it allowed the movement of the troops to be fast (Britain Express, par 4). The city later grew into a great trading center and by the second century AD, in the middle, the city had the largest town hall, a temple, and a governor’s palace among others. The Romans built a wall around 200 AD, surrounding the city and this defined the shape and size of London over a millennium. The area which was surrounded by the wall, is the one that is called ‘The city† (Britain Express, par 7-9). Urban And Street Patterns Prior to World War 2, London was characterized by very few buildings which were more that 6 stories high but today, the buildings with 20 stories and above can be found, for example, the towers of Barbican are 40 stories and above. The tower of Canary Wharf rising 80 stories and an office building, east of central London in the dockyards is the longest structure in Britain rising 800 feet high. The square of Trafalgar is in the west of the city, near the Thames River. Two large fountains can be found in the square and Admiral Lord Nelson’s statue; this square has been used mostly for celebrations in the city (How stuff works 1, par 7-9). The London streets follow bends and twists of the river and the Roman walls which have long disappeared. The current through ways came originally from the village lanes that existed there before. Strangers get confused most of the time because, these streets may have their names put in different places. One name may be found on one side of a street inter-section or a square and the other one will be found on other side. Contrary to streets in America, London roads have no numbering system which is logical and this makes it difficult to navigate through the streets. To learn the routes will take sometime (Geographers A-Z Map Company, par 1). When it comes to transportation system, it mainly consists of bus lines, surface and underground railways. The main railway stations include: Charing Cross, Waterloo, Paddington and Victoria lines. Two fifths of the city’s railway system covering 250 miles, is made up of London subways. The underground system is made of brick tunnels below the surface. The First line was made in the year 1863 but later, so many of them developed, built in deep tunnels lined with metals which are often called tubes. London boasts of three international airports and these include: Heathrow and Gatwick which is adjacent to the main railway line from London to Brighton. The third one is Stansted which is in the north east of the city (How stuff works, par 1-3). The London’s tower is a complex of buildings sitting on an 18-acre land. The walls and the grounds are on the Thames River, east side of the city. Mostly, the crown jewels are usually on display here. Yeomen warders in uniforms dating back to 16th century are usually used to guide visitors around the complex. Next to it is the mansion house which has been in existence since the 16th century and this is the place where the Lord Mayor of the city resides. North of this house stands Guildhall which was put up in the 15th century (How stuff works 5). South west London, rises a cathedral called St. Paul’s which was designed by Sir Christopher Wren. This church is among the largest in the world. The duke of Wellington and Lord Nelson are buried there. On the west side of the cathedral, there is a street called Fleet Street which was once, the center of newspaper publishing in Britain (How stuff works 4, par 2-5). Just next to it is the knights’ templar medieval headquarters which also harbors the courts’ inns, law schools and legal associations. The Fleet Street merges forming a strand which leads to the west and Westminster. Buckingham palace is situated in this place and it hosts the London sovereigns. Westminster Abbey is also found there and this is where the monarchs are crowned. 8 acres of land around this place is covered with the parliament building and one thing that distinguishes it from other buildings it is its famous clock tower, the clock having a bell called â€Å"the Big Ben†. The Lambeth place is just across Thames from the parliament and this is where the Arch bishop of Canterbury resides (How stuff works 4, par 2-5). White Wall is found between the parliament and the square of Trafalgar . White Wall is a street which is bordered by government buildings. Another one is called Number 10 Downing Street found in the west of the White Wall and it is the prime minister’s home. The district of West end theatre is also found there between Piccadilly Circus and Trafalgar square and it is London’s world renowned theatre district which harbors more than a 100 theatres. Soho is also found in the North and it is known for its famous foreign restaurants and entertainment sites. Mayfair is found in the west characterized by residential areas, hotels, department stores and embassies, which include the US embassy that is found on the Grosvenor square (How stuff works, 5). West end hosts London largest parks. Regents Park can be sighted there and it is on 472 acres of land. It has a lake, open air theatre, a rose garden and the London zoo. Another park, Hyde Park is also found there. It sits on a piece of land of 360 acres which includes a lake called Serpentine. Marble Arch and bridle path which is called Rotten Row . The speakers’ corner is also found there. Kensington gardens with 275 acres of land adjoin Hyde Park on the west and this is where Kensington palace can be sighted which also hosts the Albert memorial and Peter pan’s statue. Short distance towards west of central London, botanic gardens of the royalty can also be found especially in Kew (How stuff works 5). Major Buildings And Landmarks In London The first major building in city is the tower of London, a prominent building for over 900 years and attracting tourists from all over the globe. The tower serves the royalties as a palace and a fortress. Ironically, it is also a place where executions take place and jailing of law defaulters. Royal mint, arsenal, menagerie and jewel house are also found here (Barrow, par 1). One of the oldest buildings and the most important centers for religion is the Westminster Abbey. This palace has been used to burry so many queens and kings and there commemoration ceremonies are usually done there. It was founded by Edward the confessor who was later made a saint. Parliament houses are also found in the palace of Westminster. Buckingham palace has 600 rooms and it is surrounded by a 40-acre garden with 40,000 tulips (Barrow, par 6-10). The Canary Wharf is the tallest building and it is part of the dock lands in London. The Canary is estimated to be 244 meters high and stainless steel has been used o cover it. Another major building is St Paul Cathedral which was built 604 AD but it was later re-built twice after being burnt down twice. The current one was built in 1675 and 1711 . The other monument is the O2 millennium dome which is the largest one in the world covering 180 acres with 320m diameter and the height of 50 m. It also has support towers of about 100 m high. It was built to commemorate the new millennium and it sits on the Greenwich meridian, longitude 0 degrees. Another one is the London eye. It is one of the London’s modern landmarks, made up of the biggest ferries wheel in the world and it can carry passengers of about 800 in number at a time. Its highest point is about 450 feet and it provides a view that goes covers 25 miles (Barrow, par 10-18). In addition, 30 St Mary Axe was opened in 2004 and it was known as Gherkin because of its oval shape. It is very visible especially when traveling from different places into London. The outside of the building is made of 24,000 m square glass whish has been arranged in panes that are diamond shaped. Other monuments include the monument of Trafalgar square which was put up in commemoration of the great fire of London which happened in 1666; the tower is 62 meters high. It is just next to Pudding lane where the fire began in the bakers shop. It is also characterized by 311 stairs to the top and one can use it to view London (Barrow, par 18-24). Other buildings include: One Canada square, Tower 42, Millban tower, St. Paul’s cathedral, Tate modern, St. Pancras chambers, Royal courts of justice, St. Brides church, BT tower, Wembley stadium, Centre point, the Lloyd’s building, Westminster cathedral, the Ark and Christ Church Spitalfields (Emporis Corporation, par 1). London Industries London’s industries form the crucial part of the economy. The industries come in form of manufacturing, aircraft, ship building, and food processing including the chemical industries, offering employment to so many people. These industries comprise of both small and large scale industries and mostly, different business communities are involved in boosting the growth of these industries though the manufacturing one is the largest sector of London’s economy (Maps of world, par. 1-2). Of all the laborers in London, 16% are found in the manufacturing industry. The leading industries in London include: chemical, electronics, cable manufacture, food processing, vehicle manufacture, and ship and aircraft building. The names associated with aircraft industry include Sopwith Aviation Company, Fairey aviation, Handley Page, Green Engine Co. and Lucas Rotax among others (Maps of World, par 3-4). Vehicle industry is one of the most recognized industries in London and it is associated with companies such as Ford of Britain, Dagenham, Park ward, Power Drives among others. Those companies that deal with cable manufacturing include: British Insulated Callender’s cables, Siemens, North and Woolwich among others. Food processing is associated with companies such as Pura Foods, Park Royal, The Smith’s Snack Food company and the list is endless (Maps of World, par. 4-7). When it comes to ship building, the companies include; Woolwich Dock Yard, Samuda Brothers, Scott Russell and so on. Companies associated with chemical manufacturing are; Hackney Wick, Liford photo, Sir William Henry Parking etc. Lastly, is the electronics industry which is associated with companies such as Ferguson Electronics Racal, Plessey, Bush Radio and so on (Maps of World, par. 7-10). These companies vary in the number of the workers employed by each. This is given below in percentages: Manufacturing 16. 2%, trade 14. 7%, educational services 9. 7%, health care and social assistance 13. 5%. Accommodation and food services 5. 8%, finance and insurance, real estate and leasing 7. 3%, agriculture 1. 8%, transport and ware housing 3. 8%. Public administration 3. 0%, construction 4. 7%, business building 4. 8%, information, culture and recreation 4. 2 % and lastly, professional, scientific and technical services 5. 7%. Other industries which are not included amount to 4. 0%. All these companies are under the administration of London chamber of commerce and industries (Maps of World, par. 12). Tourism sector The Londoners benefit mostly from tourism especially in regards to economy and social aspects. It boosts employment rates generating huge income. The businesses have also benefited so much. 10% gross value in London is from the sector and it also employs 13 % of all the workers in London. The city has a record of getting tourists from other parts of the world more than New York, Las Vegas and Sydney. It also attracts these tourists more than any European state (Government Office for London, par 3, 4). Tourism sector generates 2 billion pounds yearly in West London; 14. 7 million tourists who make daily trips to the same region and 5. 4 million tourists visit attraction sites in East London yearly (London’s Councils, par 1). Cultural geographical aspects of London London is a diverse cultural centre and an international one for that matter. It harbors so many museums, theatres and art galleries, cinemas which offer entertainment of first class level to 300 nationalities and above. The architecture of this city offers the diversity and the historical buildings. Six of London cultural landmarks include: the tower of London, St . Margaret church, Palace of Westminster and the Westminster Abbey and last but not list, the Maritime Greenwich (Europe Cities, par 1-2). When it comes to language, London is considered a multi lingual city. It has 300 different languages within its boundaries which are often spoken. The city has proven that, compared to Europe and New York, it is the most cosmopolitan city with its internationalism (Buncombe and Mac Arthur, par 2). The most common languages spoken are:English,Bengali,Panjabi,Gujerati,Hindu,Turkish,Arabic,Yorubu,Somali,Cantonese,Greek,Portuguese, French, Spanish, Italian, Vietnamese and the list is endless (Woodlands Junior Academy, par 1). London is characterized by so many events and celebrations each year. Carnaval del pueblo is a Latin American festival which is usually the largest in UK. It is usually held in August. The other one is City of London festival usually held in June and July and it involves celebration of Music, film, architecture and art. Another one is the London Art fair which is usually held every year in the month of January (First for London, par. 1-3). London boat show is also a major event every January. Others include London Marathon, parade, Lords mayor’s show ,Notting hill Carnival , Rise festival, South West Fest, Spitafields Festival, St. Patrick’s Day, Streatham festival, The Great River Race, and the Mayor’s Thames festival (First for London, par. 4-16). In London, the largest religious group is Christianity according to the census that took place in the year 2001. This group consists of 58. 2% of all the religions in London. The city is characterized by three Anglican churches which are: St. Paul’s and Southward cathedrals and also Westminster Abbey which usually hosts the crowning of the king and queen of England (Barrow, par 1). The population of the Jews is concentrated in the city of about 56 % of all the Jews in Great Britain. 52% of all Hindus in Great Britain are found in London and they have built magnificent places of worship which include temples. 38% of all Great Britain’s Muslims also live in London from Bangladesh and Pakistan. 31 % of Sikhs and 36 % Buddhists that are found in country reside in London (Barrow, par 4-7). In conclusion, the factor that makes the city unique is its marvelous architecture which has a historical background. Not so many cites in the world are rich in history and culture as compared to London. Almost all the monuments and buildings have some history behind them and this makes them to be world treasures. 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