Essay On Desdemonas View Of Women In Othello - 919 Words

the mouth-piece of the Venetian culture wherein women who are submissive to men throughout their life are regarded as respectful. Henceforth he disrespects Desdemona as she married against her father’s wish. He questions her character saying that she is a desperate woman who could not control her emotions. He not only distrusts his wife, but form opinions on other women as well. According to him if Desdemona has married Othello against the wish of her father, then she is not a valuable woman with uncontrollable sexual desires. One cannot find any proof of Emilia cheating over Iago in the play, but he do think like that the way he doubts his wife, in the same manner he convinced Othello to believe that since he is black in color and†¦show more content†¦However, Othello was concerned about the blackening of his own name which would happen because of his wife’s infidelity. Firstly, the issue of sexism is very much present in the play throughout and this issue is carried on my many male characters. In the first act only we could see that Iago plans to let Brabantio know about his daughter’s elopement with a Moor which clearly shows that a daughter is not supposed to love or marry a man of her choice. Furthermore the way Brabantio reacts to this situation it becomes clear that father is the ruling authority upon the daughter i.e. she does not have the right to take decisions on her own. However, Othello, the hero initially does not seem to follow sexism as he accepts Desdemona without any conditions. Emilia is what Desdemona is not. She is seen as a more practical woman as compared to Desdemona, he experiences and following of realism helps her to get an insight in the relationship of a man and woman. She is able to see what Desdemona could not as she is too good to see the realities of life. She has her one idealistic world beyond which she could not see anything. Desdemona died because of her innocence, because of something which she never did, her only fault was that she did not stood up for herself. On the other hand Emilia being a strong woman stood up against the authority of men in after Desdemona’s death to prove her innocence, but such a strong voice was something unacceptable inShow MoreRelatedOthello presents women as the victims of men1276 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿To what extent do you agree that in â€Å"Othello† Shakespeare presents women as the tragic victims of men? Throughout ‘Othello’, Shakespeare uses the manipulation of the protagonist, by the antagonist, Iago, to present a play controlled by men. In such a male dominated society, Shakespeare presents the women in the play as tragic victims at the hands of their husbands, in particular Desdemona and Emilia. Throughout this essay I will relate to the Aristotelian and Senecan descriptions of tragedy toRead MoreExaming the Interracial Marriage of Othello and Desdemona Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagestraditions about marriage and the treatment of women. One strong tradition of these times was the practice of marriage between races. Interracial marriages were considered extremely taboo. (High Beam). In this era marriages were arranged by the parents with strong help from the local church. The individuals had little choice as to who they would marry. (Elizabethan England Life). Yet another example of these traditions was the respectable treatment of women. While the husband was in cha rge of his wifeRead MoreIf Othello Had Been Written in Modern Times How Would It Differ1246 Words   |  5 PagesSpecific question: If Othello had been set in a modern era, how would it differ? Title of text: Othello Task is related to course section Pt 4: Literature- Critical Study, The individual, Community and Identity Task focus: The aim of this essay is to analyse how Shakespeare’s play Othello would differ if it had been set in a politically correct and modern society such as ours. If Othello had been set in a modern era, how would it differ? The play Othello is a tragedy written byRead MoreOthello and His Masculinity Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesideas of masculinity presented in Othello. Othello is set during the Elizabethan era, where men were considered to be the leaders and women their inferiors. Women were often regarded as the ‘weaker sex’. This patriarchal society and theme of male superiority is portrayed throughout the play. These themes are depicted through the relationships between the characters. Brabantio and Desdemona’s relationship shows how he believed the traditional Elizabethan view, that men were to control and dominateRead MoreOthello Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Essay William Shakespeare’s Othello tells a story of the tragic downfall of a man through jealousy and mistrust, influenced by the manipulative actions of another. Due to innumerable changes within society over time, it is inevitable that a wide range of critical interpretations and readings of the text will emerge. My personal interpretation of the play draws from the concepts of the traditional Aristotelian views of a tragedy. An Aristotelian interpretation concerns itself with whetherRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello1893 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare’s tragedy Othello deals with various issues in the tragic vein of tragedies such as Hamlet and King Lear. Marriage and associated issues stands out as a key theme and preoccupation in Othello. In Othello, various issues such as race, patriarchal attitudes and other general human frailties complicate marriages. Shakespeare portrays marriage in a very bleak light. In the beginning of the play, we see that marriage is not only a union of man and his wife but also involves various familialRead MoreJealousy and Race in Othello 1430 Words   |  6 PagesOthello is one of Shakespeare’s tragedies; originally written as a play and performed to an Elizabethan audience. Othello and many of Shakespeare’s other plays have been performed to various audiences since, and have been adapted into Opera, Ballet, Film and television productions. Othello has survived the centuries to this day and age; and continues to captivate and remain relevant to a modern audience; Othello certainly is a timeless classic work of art. â€Å"The object of tragic imitation is menRead MoreThe Importance of Act 3 Scene 3 to William Shakespeares Othello1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Act 3 Scene 3 to William Shakespeares Othello In this essay I am going to investigate the importance and effectiveness of Act 3 scene 3 considering its significance in terms of plot, characters and theme and its dramatic power. Throughout this scene there are striking examples of the main themes of the play, one of these being appearance and reality. Iago fools everyone in the play into believing hes honest. No one even suspects him of treacheryRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1888 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the course of this essay I will be focusing on the play Othello written by William Shakespeare during the 16th century. It was first performed by the Kings men at the court of King James the first on November 4th 1604. The 16th century was a time when most of the population lived in small villages and made their living from farming the land. However, trade and industry grew rapidly and England became a more profitable country. During this period England became richer and more affluent inRead MoreExplore the Presentation of Love as Shown by Othello and Desdemona in Act 1 Scene 3. Lines 49- 295.2243 Words   |  9 Pagesof love as shown by Othello and Desdemona in Act 1 scene 3. Lines 49 ( 295. Othello is a play based on love and rivalry. It is a romantic tragedy, a popular writing topic for Shakespeare. In this essay I will be discussing how love is portrayed between Othello and Desdemona. To effectively show the level of love between Othello and Desdemona Shakespeare must use different techniques, including language and structure. Features like these can decipher the love between Othello and Desdemona. As we

Starbucks Culture Essay - 9960 Words

Contents Summary 1 1. Introduction 2 1.1 History of Starbucks Coffee Company 2 1.2 Development of Starbucks in China 2 2. Positive Effects of Starbucks Culture in China 3 2.1 Starbucks Corporation Culture 4 2.1.1 Influence of Corporation Culture on Leadership 4 2.1.2 Influence of Corporation Culture on Staff Motivation 7 2.2 Starbucks Brand Culture 11 2.2.1 Effects of Brand culture on Brand Positioning 13 2.2.2 Effects of Brand Culture on Product Strategies 14 2.2.3 Effects of Brand Culture on Promotion Strategies 15 2.3 Starbucks Coffee Culture 16 2.3.1 Impacts on Coffee Process Standardization 16 2.3.2 Impacts on Chinese Customers 18 3. Criteria to Assess the Success of Starbucks Culture†¦show more content†¦Currently, Starbucks exists in a few foreign countries in Asia. The company felt that Asia offered more potential than Europe. Because of a large number of potential consumers and an emerging economy but low demand for coffee in China, Starbucks inaugurated its first outlet in the World Trade Center in Beijing, China in January 1999, it needed to proceed with less paces than it was used to. The company now sells coffee through around 49 outlets that are mostly concentrated in Beijing and Shanghai. The company has collaborated with different partners for its operations in China. A replication of its stores concept worldwide, Starbucks in China caters mainly to urban working people and thus its outlets are located in commercial areas. Although developing in China is a challenging task, the company is determined to carve a niche for itself in China’s beverage market. The success of expanding into foreign markets is dependent on Starbucks’ ability to find the right local partners to negotiate local regulations and other country-specific issues. Especially in China, Starbucks bring a new coffee experience to the customers who are used to drinking tea and spread Starbucks’ unique cultures to capture customers’ hearts deeply. This is the second stage: implementation stage of this report. It is a report written to analyze how and why Starbucks culture affects Starbucks to be successful in Chinese market. Both internal and external strength should beShow MoreRelatedStarbucks: Culture and Environment1461 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks: Culture and Environment Starbucks is one of the largest coffee retailing companies in the world. It is spread across 42 countries and has 15,000 stores. In North America alone the company has thousands of outlets. Apart from being in the coffee business the company is also sells bottled coffee drinks and a line of super premium ice creams. The company also has a brand portfolio that sells a variety of items. There is a line of premium teas called TazoRead MoreStarbucks - Culture Audit. As Starbucks Competes In The1490 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks - Culture Audit As Starbucks competes in the coffee shop industry, they need to be aware of a few factors that affect their operating environment. These factors consist of Trump’s Import Tax Laws, JAB, and New Emerging Technology. Trump is planning to sign a law to decrease tax deductions on imports, which would make importing more expensive. One of Starbuck’s biggest raw material consumption is coffee beans, which are imported from countries like Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El SalvadorRead MoreCorporate Culture at Starbucks3264 Words   |  14 PagesAt its most basic, corporate culture is the personality of an organization or simply how things are done around there. However, in a broader sense it refers to the moral, social and behavioral norms of an organization based on the beliefs, attitudes and priorities of its members. It determines how employees think, act and feel. Every organization has a different concept about the kind of culture that it should have, therefore cultures a cross organizations may differ despite of having certain commonRead MoreOrganizational Culture of Starbucks1070 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Culture of Starbucks Benjamin A Chesney Com/530 Communications for Accountants January 28, 2013 Jon Zimmerman Organizational Culture of Starbucks Starbucks Coffee Company is a worldwide conglomerate. Their specialty is coffee. In addition to working as global leader of coffee distribution, Starbucks is also trying to be a global leader in responsibility. They want to show and teach the world that positive thinking, conflict resolution, and giving back to the communityRead MoreThe Components Of Starbucks Organizational Culture1432 Words   |  6 PagesRecommend the key components of Starbucks Organizational Culture that add to its accomplishment in a worldwide economy. Demonstrate administration s part with making and managing the authoritative society. Hierarchical society has a huge effect on the general execution of an organization. Authoritative society is the arrangement of imparted, underestimated verifiable presumptions that a gathering holds and that decides how it sees, contemplates, and responds to its different surroundings (BarneyRead MoreStarbucks Organizational Culture And Key Leadership1346 Words   |  6 Pages MGT500 Modern Management Prof.Carolyn Green 1/21/2017 Introduction: Starbucks Organizational Culture Key Leadership, Management Traits Starbucks distinctly stands out from other food or beverage chains in terms of the consistent quality of experience, that is symbolic of the company. A number of aspects have enabled the company to foster this consistency: a culture based on communication and centered around the customer, innovation in business practices, pioneeringRead MoreThe Key Elements Of The Organizational Culture At Starbucks1447 Words   |  6 PagesStarbucks is one of the most successful coffee chain which was founded in the year 1971 in the Seattle’s Pike Place market. This small stores tend to offer the best bean coffees in the city and draws the customers. In the year 1981, Howard Shultz became a part of the franchise. Since the early years, Starbucks garnered the attention which many companies desired. Further, numerous start-up companies aimed to emulate the success of Starbucks, but failed to reach even closer to that kind of successRead MoreStarbucks : Building For Quality Control And Cultu re Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesPike Place Market, Starbucks opened their first store. The original store sold coffee beans and machines, it was owned by Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker. In 1981, Starbucks hired Howard Schultz as the Director of Retail Operations. He tried to convince the owners to sell coffee verse beans and machines. Unfortunately, he did not convince them and he branched off and opened his own cafà ©. Howard opened his chain of coffee shops in 1986 and later bought the name Starbucks from Baldwin. TodayRead MoreBalancing Culture and Growth at Starbucks Essays3009 Words   |  13 PagesBalancing Culture and Growth at Starbucks Howard Schultz and His Effective Way of Harmonizing Culture and Growth Due to His Passion and Commitment to Starbucks Abstract Starbucks, which is one of the most well known companies that succeeded in spreading its brand across the globe created its own cozy environment and maximized sales due to its understanding of the organizational culture and its potential growth. The case study explores how Howard Schultz created culture of the organizationRead MoreEssay on Starbucks: Organizational Culture1048 Words   |  5 PagesStarbucks: Organizational Culture When people think of the most popular coffee house in the country and world, they immediately think of Starbucks. Thats because its true, but what most people dont know is that Starbucks is also ranked #1 on the Most Admired Food Services Companies to work for (Americas most admired companies 2007, 2007), and # 16 Best Companies to work for (Best companies to work for 2007, 2007). It also ranked # 2 Most Admired Companies to work for over all, # 6 for Best

External Environmental Analysis for Wesfarmers- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theExternal Environmental Analysis for Wesfarmers. Answer: Introduction Competition has always been the central to both the success and failure of a company in an industry. The companies through their own strategy seek to achieve the top most positions within their respective industries and competitive advantage is the potential of the companies in order to gain their desired position through the available resources and attributes. (Ross 2013) The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the key objectives and the strategies of an Australian based company known as Wesfarmers Limited. This paper shall elaborate on the analysis of its external environments by using PESTE tool. It shall further elaborate on discussing the threats and opportunities present for the company in todays market. Discussion Case background Wesfarmers Limited is a diversified Australian company, which has business operations in industrial and retail activities. It was earlier known as the Western Australian Farmers cooperative (Gilchrist 2015). The retail activities of this company consist of liquor, supermarkets, convenience stores and hotels; office supplies and home improvements; apparel retailing and departmental stores. Its industrial activities consists of industrial and safety; resources; and fertilizers, energy and chemicals. This company markets and manufactures chemicals, LPG, LNG and fertilizers and is headquartered in Perth, Australia. Its target group includes the shoppers who seek for convenience, variety, services and discounts (Le and Phillips 2015). In todays date, the company is one among the largest listed companies in Australian area, employing more than 220,000 employees in its business. Theoretical Framework External marketing environment analysis is a process of identifying all the internal and external elements has the potential to affect the performance of an organization (West and Bogers 2014). This analysis requires the assessment of the level of threats and opportunities that might present. It is a primary study of the macro environmental forces, competitor analysis and industry analysis in the purview of the growth of an organization. The external marketing environment plays a very crucial part in shaping up of the future of the whole industries and also those of individual businesses (Hung and Chou 2013). This analysis helps in gaining an insight of the environment that the business is in and the various factors that may influence it. The most relevant environments that need to be analyzed are that of the social environment, political environment, technological environment, and economic environment. Environmental analysis Competition: In the formulation of a strategy for business, the managers must take into consideration the strategies of the companys competitors (Weatherall 2013). The major competitors of Wesfarmers Limited are Myer, Woolworths, Best Less and Metcash Limited. Economic growth and stability: There is a low growth rate for Wesfarmers Limited. In comparison to the international markets, the wage costs for Wesfarmers Limited is higher. Increased strength of the New Zealand and Australian dollars. Political trends: The regulations of Ad hoc Restriction in the trading hours Zoning, retail tenancy and planning leases Legal and regulatory issues: The sale of the supporting division to the Australian group The sale of the Wesfarmers Limited insurance broking division to the Arthur J. Gallagher Co in the year 2014 Technological advancements: The technology authorized VAS (Value added services) The use of technology in order to foretell or predict the preferences of the customers and reduce the costs of the business. The increase in online shopping via mobile phones or other electronic or net devices Socio-cultural trends: Increase in the average educational qualification in the population Gradual increase in the average life expectancy Significant increase in the engagement of women in the current workforce Marketing strategies and plan: Transforming their liquor offering Extending the value leadership of the company Increasing the space growth and accelerating the density of the sales Differentiating Coles through growth channels Summary of threats and opportunities: Threats refer to the situation when the eternal factors jeopardize the smooth running of a business, while opportunities are the ones that are present everywhere that must be taken and utilized in order t improve the productivity and profitability of a business. The threats present for the Wesfarmers Limited include that it is facing high competitions in the market from its competitors. The competitors of it are offering specialized products and services to the customers at an equitable price levels. With the same, the economic downturn is leading to lower demand and plunged level of customer confidence. However, there are several opportunities present for this company as well. It can expand its business outside of Australia. It can enhance its service, experience and quality benchmarks across the stores along with taking customer and employee loyalty initiatives across its businesses. Conclusion Hence, it can be said that the paper has been instrumental especially to identify the strategically implication of the Wesfarmers Limited company resulting to its high performance in the market. The Pestle analysis and the summary of both the threats and opportunities, using both macro and micro level factors are representative to the development and fluctuation in the company beyond several different product and service portfolio. References: Gilchrist, D.J., 2015. Antipodean Owenite or colonial socialist: Charles Harper, economic development, and agricultural co-operation in Western Australia, 1890 to 1910. Hung, K.P. and Chou, C., 2013. The impact of open innovation on firm performance: The moderating effects of internal RD and environmental turbulence.Technovation,33(10-11), pp.368-380. Le, L. and Phillips, J., 2015. LNG: An emerging transport fuel.Energy News,33(4), p.15. Ross, D.F., 2013.Competing through supply chain management: creating market-winning strategies through supply chain partnerships. Springer Science Business Media. Weatherall, A., 2013.Computer Integrated Manufacturing: a total company competitive strategy. Elsevier. West, J. and Bogers, M., 2014. Leveraging external sources of innovation: a review of research on open innovation.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(4), pp.814-831.

Earnings and Management Guidance Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Earnings and Management Guidance Strategy. Answer: Introduction: The internal information of the firms play a major role in tax planning and that plays a major role in tax avoidance. If there is no adequate information that is available then companies might end up losing tax cuts. It is difficult to coordinate the different department of the firm for the sake of tax planning and sometimes the tax documentation might be so much that the tax authorities will nullify the same. It is thus important that awareness must be there and all departments must be coordinated to make sure that effective tax planning is done(Mayntz, 2017). However strangely in todays time the presence of evidences states that the importance of the internal information of the firm might end up affecting its tax avoidance capabilities. In this research paper we will try to understand how the internal information of any company might affect its overall tax avoidance and what role does it play in it. The report will follow the flow of information towards the concept of tax planning and that might end up affecting its prospects of tax avoidance. Tax avoidance is legally practiced but there is a very thin line between tax avoidance and tax evasion. Often while planning ethically people end up hiding their income by unlawful means thus that must be avoided. We will also study the overall role of the internal information in tax avoidance and judge the various aspects of the information that is available on the basis of various parameters like availability, accessibility, quality, importance to the firm in regard to the overall financials of the company. If the firm employs high quality accounting information system it will be able to use the same to extract high quality information accordingly(Minnis Sutherland, 2017). The various aspects of internal information have still been neglected in terms of tax planning but slowly its importance is being established. If good information is not available, tax planning might not be up to the mark, and that might affect the overall flow of data. It is difficult to establish effective coordination of tax planning across business or geographical segments. There is huge risk involved in the same as the firm documentation might not be able to prove the same and hence that will bring the firm in worse position. It is thus important that internal information must be properly regulated to avoid any kind of flow of such data from one source to another without regulation. For example Bayer has suggested in its reports that it might take several years for it to provide Research and development documentation and that has affected the overall tax standing of the company. Moreover companies around the globe are facing issues in managing their transfer pricing data, only 49 percent of all the countries globally flow their transfer pricing data through automated systems rest all are still struggling with the same. So that is affecting their overall standing in terms of tax prospects, if they dont have proper documentation they will not be able to prove their stand in front of the tax authorities. Thus the importance of effective documentation and the use of proper accounting system to maintain the same are very vital for any firm(Pape, 2017). The managerial decisions also pay an important role in case of the same. Thus as much as it is important to identify the correct information that will help in tax avoidance that must important it is to make sure that firms take necessary steps in maintenance and documentation of the same. Even if the firms are able to do practice effective tax planning that reduces their tax liability considerably, if they are not able to prove the same in front of the taxation authorities through proper documentation it will in crease more risk for the firm. In this research paper the need and importance of the same will be explained with support of examples and theories(Rodriguez Kaczmarek, 2016). To ascertain the importance of the internal information of the firm for the prospects of tax avoidance. To ascertain the need for good accounting management system that will help in maintenance of the documentation related to the internal information system and will also help in the flow of data from one department to others. The resilience that the firms put on tax avoidance to make sure that they end up paying less taxes and how the government is effected by the same. The steps that the government has taken in recent times to reduce the tax evasion and tax avoidance and the importance that it stress on documentation will be explained briefly. The research questions forms the basis that decides the flow of the research paper. In this assignment we will focus on certain aspects of tax avoidance and internal information importance will be highlighted in the same. The basic questions will cover coordination requirements between the different departments of the organization. Most of the departments practices decentralization in todays world, as per which the information is not accumulated and stored at a single place but is widespread across various locations on a rational basis. But this information is not available to the managers and they often fails to locate the flow of the same thus affect the tax planning that is done by the company(Werner, 2017). In case of active businesses the level of interaction is very high but when it comes to businesses that have been operating from many years and in which some departments ceases to exist, it becomes difficult to trace the flow of information and document the same in that regar d. Thus decentralization of information on a rational basis and ascertaining that flow of data happens accordingly is very important from the prospects of tax planning(Visinescu, Jones, Sidorova, 2017). And thus same will be discussed in this research paper, as on how the companies can employ good accounting software that can help them in managing their data effectively. In case of tax planning there is presence of huge uncertainty as the tax rules and guidelines are changing continuously, the government is always looking for rules and ways by which it can prevent companies from avoiding their tax avoidance. It is thus important that while planning for the tax elements the companies must see to it that the managers and the people who are given this responsibility must have proper knowledge in that regard that will help them in reducing the issues that they face with the tax department in terms of wrong tax rules or lack of effective documentation(Trieu, 2017). Thus the research question can be on how the managers can make sure that the level of uncertainty is reduced to acceptable level and they should make sure that they are employing experts who have good knowledge of this field of study. Thus that will help in reducing the tax issues. The tax avoidance planning also consists of tax risk. Tax risk occurs in case the management is not able to prove their tax calculation on the basis of the taxable income that they have shown; it might affect their business very badly and can cause them huge penalty. It is always preferable that level of risk must be comprehended beforehand, and then tax planning must be done. If there are two companies that have employed tax avoidance methods that have reduced their liability to a certain level then out of the two company the company that have better documentation and will be able to prove the department will have better chances of not facing any issues(Maynard, 2017). Thus there is a significant level of risk that must be avoided. And the research question will be formed on that regard ascertaining the ways by which the company can avoid their risk elements. What is the need of decentralization in case of tax avoidance and maintenance of the quality of internal information of the company? What are the ways in which the company can avoid the risk that is involved with tax planning and management? What are the methods that the company must follow if they want to reduce the high level of uncertainty that is involved with tax planning? How important it is for the companies to maintain quality internal information to satisfy the needs of the department and what role it will play in tax avoidance is the most important question that will be covered in this research paper. A wide and elaborated research was conducted by Jafari Amine Isfahani (2014) that focused on the corporate social responsibility of the companies around the globe to practice tax avoidance. For his research he studied at least 92 firms and drew up a report on how effective were these companies in suing their internal information for avoiding their taxes considerably. The results of his research stated that social responsibility had on effect on tax avoidance. There was no connection between tax avoidance and social responsibility(Trieu, 2017). It was important for the firms to make sure that they were avoiding the taxes on ethical basis and this in no way made them non ethical towards the government. Tax evasion was illegal but same cannot be said for tax avoidance. But what was the responsibility of the government was to make sure that they were practicing tax avoidance activities in such a way that they had proof for the same for the department. It is thus important that they must have proper documentation in that regard. If they are not able to proof the context on the basis of which they were avoiding the taxes that will become unethical. Even if they have no social responsibility they were responsible to avoid the tax disputes that might occur in case they practice wrong tax practices. That forms the basis of the research that was done by Jafari. Relation between Taxable income and Planning of Tax A simple study was carried out a study to study the relation between the taxable income and planning of tax avoidance based on the same and ascertaining the sensitiveness of the information in that regard. This research was conducted to ascertain the smoothing effect of tax avoidance on the overall profitability of the company. He also made investigation on 92 firms that were paying taxes and the main basis was the rate on which the taxes were paid by the company. It was reflected that there was a negative relation between the tax smoothing for income purposes and tax avoidance by applying different laws and principles. It was stated in this regard that smoothing for tax purposes the income might end up lacking the certainty for future tax advantages and provides the firm with abilities to implement better taxation practices. It also stated that exists a negative relative between the smoothing of information and the related information in that regard. It was highlighted that smoothin g the tax included income might end up reducing its overall information content that is related to it. In this research, the author made a note on the various aspects of the information that is related to the overall smoothing of information and taking necessary decisions in that regards. It highlights the issue that is associated with information related to smoothing of information for the purposes of tax. The managerial accounting research has struggled from previous ages on the lack of proper information for tax purposes. Effective management accounting is important for managing the level of internal information that is made available for the companies for tax purposes. The basic issues that relate to the internal information like uncertainty, lack of proper source, lack of proper acceleration might cause deviations in the overall tax planning for the company. This effect the tax avoidance practices a lot and might cause overstatement or understatement of income. There are few public proxies in this regard that deals with the overall quality of the internal information that is available for the managers of the company. Each of these proxies are discussed below in detail(Hanlon, 2010). Use of Accounting Information System Jennings 2012, states the importance of using sophisticated system of accounting for maintaining the internal information and recording the same through accounting information software. It paid resilience on coordination of the information and that helps in solving many issues like increasing the accuracy, removing manual intervention, streamlining reporting of information from time to time. Previously manual method of data collection and analysis was followed but now with advent of technology the same has changed a lot and automatic method of data retrieval has taken place. The companies must appoint experts to make sure that there is no loss of data from such system, proper security is maintained. The data must be entered into such system from regulated sources and then analysis of the same must be done. There are not much issues while using such automatic system the major issue is with security and training must be provided to employees to avoid the same. Else it is very fast and very effective method that might help in collecting the data from various departments, analyzing the same and converting them into such forms that they can be easily used by the managers or the people who deal with the same(Jennings, Stoumbos, Tanul, 2012) Second there was Williams 1996, which stated on the importance of the management forecast accuracy. It is important that the managers trace the sources of data on which the forecast is based. Management forecast is an important aspect of tax avoidance and an important source of data also. There must be a positive correlation between the information provided and the management forecasts. In this way, the managers will be applied to rely on the information that has been provided from various sources if they streamline the same to specific sources. This is how management forecasts helps in maintaining the quality of the internal information available for tax purposes. It is important that good quality information must be circulated so that while tax planning is done that information must be taken into place. Thus it is important that the source form and method of circulation of data must be traced so that in future there are no complications because of the same. It is important that pas t data must be studied before making any future forecasts and care must be taken in that regard. The managers of the company must be trained to study the flow of information and take important decisions based on the same y (William, 1996). Material weakness in Internal Information Third article will involve Feng et al. (2009), that stated that if there any material weakness in the internal control system that might affect the internal information very badly. Material weakness might lead to error in the internal information that the organization is using for the prospect of taxation purpose. Thus, care must be taken to remove all such internal weakness from the system. Weakness might also lead to untimely weekly information and the information might become stale. Information from different departments might not be reported to the headquarters on time and then that might not be considered for tax avoidance. Therefore, it is very important that proper audit of various control elements must be done in the organization. It has also been stated that firms that are using good quality ERP system will not be able to identify the material weakness very easily, thus it is important that companies must take necessary steps to reduce the same. If there are huge material we akness then that will lead to huge loss of investment that will be reflected in the overall tax penalty of the company. Thus, we see how sensitivity of the internal information are related to the position of the company and the actions of the management that are taken to maintain effective flow of the same. Other proxies that will be applied in this case will consist of better environment analyst and better market analyst that will be a great indicator of an effective external environment in which the company will operate(Root, 2011). It can thus be said that there is a strong connection between the internal and the external environment in which the company is operating if one does not function the other will also be affected. It is thus important that the overall quality of information that the internal environment is having must be in synced with the information that the external environment possess. This is how the organization can make sure that there are no issues in the intern al environment by making sure that it is in sync with the external environment and based on the market research that has been done in that regard. A higher level of internal information is a pre-requisite for error free external information that the analyst offers after conducting the required level of research and development. These two are the most important variable while designing the research study and effective analysis of the same on that regards(Feng Koch, 2010). Conclusion Thus, based on the above analysis it can be said that effective internal information plays a very important role in maintaining the level of data that is used for the prospects of tax avoidance. Companies while dealing with the same must keep some important point in mind like maintaining the data accessibility and viability and it must be available from secured sources. Timely audit must be done to make sure that there are no loopholes in the internal management system which could lead to adulteration of the data. Effective tax planning by taking necessary steps for maintain the quality of internal information can be done by various methods that includes a) Resolving the uncertainty of the information through better information acquisition b) coordination through various information dissemination tools c) Reducing the overall risk that might be involved in taxation process. The various theories and proxies that have been stated in the assignment can be used accordingly to find the so lutions to the issues that the company faces about maintaining the quality of information. The focus of this paper is on tax avoidance and the companies should see on how they can practice the same ethically. That will help in proofing the same in front of the departments and help them in proving their stand. The main research objectives have been fulfilled stressing on important points related to the overall flow of information, flow of data, assimilation of results and taking decisions accordingly based on the same(Rezai, 2013). The basic recommendations that can be provided to employ better and new methods that might help in keeping the data safe, securing the flow of data from one source to another. Managers can be trained to use the data effectively that the receive and make sure that it matches to their external environment in which the company might be operating. Thus, based on all this we can say that better future prospects will be there fueled by better decisions and that will help in keeping the information flowing and maintain the authenticity of the information that will help the company in practicing better taxation avoidance practices. This will help the company in paying of taxes ethically without any malpractices in that regard. Few other sections that are relevant to this research will help in ascertaining the importance of taxation policies about the tax avoidance practices. It is very important that companies must follow various accounting policies and accounting practices that will help them in tax planning in an innovative way. Tax planning is a very wide field and the companies must employ experts that can help them in this regard. The importance of the internal information of the companies has been stated clearly in this research paper and all the companies must pay heed to the same. The above discussed issues must be taken care of and then the company will be in a good position economically and will be able to avoid the level of taxes that the company must pay to the government. Thus, various taxation provisions must be studied in detail, the rules of the government in that regard must be studied and then the managers must go forward with making better analysis and better forecasts and making the tax avoidance planning based on the same(Blessings, 2010). The most conclusive thing from this research paper is how the companies can go forward and take necessary steps in that regard that will help them in maintain the effectiveness of their information and make sure to use it economically. This research is good in ways as it highlights the major issues that the companies are facing with respect to tax avoidance and sometimes fails to identify the thin line between tax avoidance and tax evasion(Mullineus, 2014). This research highlights the basic issues that company faces with respect to maintaining the quality of the information that the internal environment must offer, and make sure that the external environment is in sync with the same. The research consists of various articles with respect to the same, that supports the stand of the company in that respect. The uniqueness is there in the points highlighted and the support documents in respect to the same. References Blessings. (2010, JANUARY 02). Strategic Management Accounting Knowledge. Retrieved October 31, 2016, from Maximin, Maximax and Minimax Regret Decision Criteria: https://apmstuff.blogspot.sg/2010/01/maximin-maximax-and-minimax-regret.html Feng, M., Koch, A. (2010). Once Bitten, Twice Shy: The Relation between Outcomes of Earnings Guidance and Management Guidance Strategy. The Accounting Review, 85(6), 1951-198. Gartland, D. (2017). The importance of audit planning. Journal Of Accountancy. Hanlon, M. a. (2010). Review of Tax Research. Journal of Accounting and Economics 50, no. 23, 127-178. Jennings, J., Stoumbos, R., Tanul, L. (2012). The Effect of Organizational Complexity on Earnings Forecasting Behavior. . Kohtamki, M. (2017). Real-time Strategy and Business Intelligence: Digitizing Practices and Systems. Finland: Palgrave Macmillan. Maynard, J. (2017). Financial Accounting, Reporting, and Analysis (SECOND ed.). NewYork: Oxford University Press. Mayntz, R. (2017). Networked Governance. Springer. Minnis, M., Sutherland, A. (2017). Financial Statements as Monitoring Mechanisms: Evidence from Small Commercial Loans. Journal of Accounting Research, 55(1), 197-233. Mullineus, J. (2014). The Distinction Between Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion. New Zealand Universities Law Review, 26(2), 273-296. Pape, T. (2017). Value of agreement in decision analysis: Concept, measures and application. Computers Operations Research, 80, 82-93. Rezai, F. K.-A. (2013). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Tax Avoidance. Non-Governmental Non-Profit Institution of Higher Education. Rodriguez, J., Kaczmarek, P. (2016). Visualizing Financial Statements. Root. (2011, April 26). Expected Value. Retrieved October 31, 2016, from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expected-value.asp Trieu, V. (2017). Getting value from Business Intelligence systems: A review and research agenda. Decision Support Systems, 93, 111-124. Tysiac, K. (2017). Rulemaking gives auditors a chance to provide more insight. Journal of Accountancy. Tysiac, K. (2017). Tactics for driving quality in a single audit. Journal Of Accountancy. Visinescu, L., Jones, M., Sidorova, A. (2017). Improving Decision Quality: The Role of Business Intelligence. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 57(1), 58-66. Werner, M. (2017). Financial process mining - Accounting data structure dependent control flow inference. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 25, 57-80. William, P. (1996). The Relation Between Prior Earnings Forecast by Management and Analyst Response to a Current Management Forecast. The Accounting Review, 103-116.

The Sixth Sense Essays - Sensory Systems, Olfaction, Perception

The Sixth Sense If I could see her as a picture of pure beauty, it would be an image of a thousand thoughts. If I could hear her as the sound of a beautiful bird, I would hear the most extravagant voice in the concrete world. If I could smell her the way I smelt a rose, I would smell the fresh scent of a million flowers. If I could taste her like I tasted a cherry lollipop. it would be a sensation I would never forget. If I could touch her the way she touched my heart, it would be as though I was walking on thin air. If only she had the sixth sense ...undying passion. Bibliography none

True and False Friendship Essays

True and False Friendship Essays True and False Friendship Essay True and False Friendship Essay This paper seeks to cognize analyze and discourse how the experience of friendly relationship affects the manner an single participates in some peculiar philosophical. cultural or spiritual tradition by replying three given inquiries below 1. What is the significance of true and false friendly relationship? True friendly relationship must be something that is good to the individuals who are in the relationship. A individual who wants to hold a friend must be a friend so to that individual and vise versa. To be a true friend. that individual must be concerned with what is to be for the good of that individual ; hence a proper definition of what is good may come into drama. The attainment therefore of what is good for the other individual must be the object of true friendly relationship. What is good has the feature of what is true and what is merely. hence a true friend must hold the bravery and compassion to state his friend even those things the latter would prefer non to hear if merely to assist that individual know the truth which is good to him or her. Anything short of the features of a true friend could merely be interpreted as false friendly relationship. 2. Describe the most of import elements and values of a philosophical. cultural. spiritual tradition of your ain choosing ( for illustration: Stoicism. Buddhism. and Jazz. NFL. Designer Fashion or surrealist picture ) . Soka Gakkai International ( SGI ) ( 2004 ) had the opportunity to narrate an anecdote about the narrative of value of friendly relationship in Buddhism. It was asked from one of Buddha’s closest disciples whether holding good friends and progressing together with them. has already midway attained the Buddha manner. The answer of the adherent nevertheless was that that holding good friends and progressing together with them is non merely half the Buddhist manner but it is the Buddhist manner. Buddhism although may be viewed as a lone subject. where other people might be seen as more of a hindrance than a aid. besides supports actions to smooth and better lives through the quality of interpersonal relationships which are may be considered as more demanding undertaking than any lone subject as Buddhism finds intending within the context of relationships ( Soka Gakkai International. 2004 ) . SGI President Ikeda has equated holding good friends with being equipped with a powerful subsidiary engine. where there is support in a steep hill or an obstruction brush and one can promote each other and happen the strength to maintain pressing frontward. Buddhism calls good friends as zenchishiki or good influences. while bad influences are called akuchishiki. By the people’s nature in assisting each other in elusive and complex ways. the ability to spot the nature of that influence must be developed. Buddhism even accepts enemies as good influences if the same would take to enlightenment ( Soka Gakkai International. 2004 ) . Good purposes determine the grades of positive influence on each other which may change. Thus a friend who needs a certain sum of money may non be best helped by merely being given money if assisting that individual to happen a occupation is an available option. Thus it said that to give a individual fish is merely impermanent but learning him how to angle is the greater manner of demoing friendly relationship ( Verene. 1994 ) . Therefore. a friend that is truly enduring ( Kuntz. 2000 ) because of a basic leaning toward laziness. may non merely be given money since this may invariably assisting him out but at the same clip may merely perpetuate the bad wonts. True friendly relationship is best shown here by assisting that individual alter his lazy nature that causes the agony ( Soka Gakkai International. 2004 ) . 3. Research how friendship as you defined it in the first portion plays a function or functions ( supportive. transformative. debatable. etc†¦ ) in the peculiar tradition you have described. What decisions can you pull from this? Since friendly relationship could truly take people to seek for the truth particularly in the instance of true friendly relationship. the same could undeniably be assisting the other individual in detecting the deeper significance of life and which sort of hunt may be considered a philosophical or spiritual tradition. Since a true friend will non merely have compassion but besides the bravery to state us even those things that individual would prefer non to hear. it is believed that the this will finally take the individual into facing the existent issues of life if that individual were to turn in his or her life. A human relationship like friendly relationship ( Fredericks. 1998 ) is a two manner procedure which involved at least to two individuals. hence. the issue of whether that experience of philosophical. cultural or spiritual tradition will truly come is still within the perfect control the individual involved if he or she will let the suggested actions from a friend. As seen in Buddhist footings. the best sort of zenchishiki ( good friend ) is one who leads the other individual to beef up the latter’s ain religion and pattern in order to thoroughly transform the latter’s karma. But since the intent of the transformative experience is more of import the possibility that even an enemy could truly assist in constructing the other individual character that would take that individual to hold that philosophical or spiritual tradition. Thus a cardinal construct in Buddhism allows huge transformative powers of Buddhist pattern even from the so called bad friends if such enemy can hold a good influence to take one into chances to analyze. reform and strengthen one’s lives Decision: A relationship between people will ever hold a portion in impacting the person to take part in some peculiar philosophical. cultural or spiritual tradition. Friendship which is societal inclinations of homo will undeniably take an active portion in taking that individual to that experience. As seen in the instance of friendly relationship at applied in Buddhism the good influence will ensue whether or non coming from a friend or even an enemy if it will take into chances to analyze. reform and strengthen one’s life. True friendly relationship demands wisdom that must understand the way to proper acquisition of cognition and wisdom or in the words of Buddhism. the way to enlightenment. The illustration of true friendly relationship is best seen in the instance of a friend non merely be giving a friend in demand a fish to eat but learning him or her every bit good how to angle which is the greater manner of demoing friendly relationship. Mentions: Fredericks ( 1998 ) Interreligious Friendship: A New Theological Virtue ; Journal of Ecumenical Studies. Vol. 35. 1998 Kuntz ( 2000 ) Santayana and Buddhism: The Choice between the Cross and the Bo Tree ; Buddhist-Christian Studies. 2000 Soka Gakkai International ( 2004 ) Friendship. SGI Quarterly Verene ( 1994 ) A Course of Life: My Autobiography ; CLIO. Vol. 23. 1994

The Benefits of Family Members Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Benefits of Family Members - Research Paper Example Traumatic symptoms encompass characteristics such as detachments, reenactments and hallucinations. According to a research study, it has been further revealed that trauma withholds structural sympathies with respect to code. Furthermore, related to code, it has been explained as a channel that will help in understanding, representing as well as intervening a traumatic event. Code is principally viewed as a channel through which a traumatic experience passes from its suppressed position to conscious countenance. While transferring of traumatic event, it is not trapped within involuntary reenactments as well as obsessive repetitions related to traumatic experiences (Blanchard, 2008). In this regard, it is further determined that traumatic events lead to a numerous internal changes within the family setting. These changes mainly reveal the change of outlook with respect to life and expectation about future. Recovery from setbacks due to traumatic events within individuals varies from ea rly recovery to prolonged years of recoveries. In accordance with traumatic events, it has been revealed that family plays an important role in overcoming traumatic experiences. Numerous aspects such as family background, the severity of traumatic event, family support and early adaptation of family members with respect to a traumatic event play an imperative role in order to stabilize the surroundings of a person facing critical scenario in terms of sustenance. Thus, code situation represents the urgency of traumatic event that has occurred recently (Shepell.fgi, 2012). Effects of the Traumatic Events Traumatic events differ for different persons. For a few individuals, a small emotional loss can be a traumatic event. It is considered as a... This paper approves that it has been revealed that attention is required related to belief systems, administrative patterns and communiquà © processes which can foster the reduction in terms of vulnerability as well as risk for recovering from traumatic setback. Belief system of a family represents cultural and spiritual along with the traditional system that are prevalent within a family. In this respect, family traditions, belief systems and culture play an important role with regard to the early recovery of a trauma patient especially in emergency room setting. It becomes important for the family members to contextualize pain of the trauma patient to alleviate the suffering by a considerable extent. A sense of coherence and cooperation must be provided to the affected member in order to overcome a traumatic incident at an earliest. For instance, in case of natural calamity, family members stand as a pillar for each other and develop confidence among them to fight against the adve rse situation This essay makes a conclusion that traumatic events lay an immense negative impact over human beings. Traumatic events differ with respect to the perception from person to person. Furthermore, it has been revealed that traumatic event affects a person’s normal workout. A trauma survivor remains under depression and mental disturbance that affects the daily routine. In this context, it has been revealed that trauma survivor remains distorted, disturbed and depressed. From the overall study, it is ascertained that family members help trauma patients to recover at an earliest. Family members and loved ones develop a positive feeling within the sufferer from a traumatic experience along with providing a sense of motivation to start life in a new and a better way.

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods for Dissertation

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods for providing near real time traffic information - Dissertation Example TOMTOM Company: Traffic Navigation System: Navigation system holds most significance in the present day lives of people allowing them to obtain information on traffic congestion and road safety, targeted towards reducing the negative effects of traffic problems. Navigation systems are owned particularly to obtain high quality information on traffic routes and in destinations that are unfamiliar for the drivers. Navigation systems provide the owners and drivers with suggestions on which route would be safer and suitable for them to reach to a particular destination (SWOV Fact Sheet – Safety effects of navigation systems 2010). TomTom Company provides its customers with a TomTom navigation device that allows them to obtain traffic updates on the screen of the device. Mobile phones of individuals can be connected with these devices. The company can keep a track of where these people are exactly moving and thus provide them with the accurate traffic updates on the location where t hey are present at a particular time. Other quality traffic information sources are used along with the availability of this device thus making the real time traffic information being available more effectively. ... One of the advantages of the navigation tool is that it provides road safety by allowing owners and drivers with suggestions to choose the most suitable route. This reduces the exposure of the users to dangers. With suitable route being suggested, the travel time also gets reduced. Users have to search less for the suitable routes on their own (SWOV Fact Sheet – Safety effects of navigation systems 2010). HD Traffic real-time traffic information is the basis for the navigation tool offered by TomTom. GPS and GSM systems are the fundamental concepts of the system that allows reliable information on traffic to the users of the navigation tool (White Paper – How TomTom’s HD TrafficTM and IQ RoutesTM data provides the very best routing n.d.). However a disadvantage of the tool is that adjustment of the tool needs to be done by the owners and doing this while driving is a risky task. However the overall mental stress and effort of the users reduce with the use of a na vigation tool. Moreover, traffic problems are reported to users at early stage so that they can avoid congestions and problems related to road traffic on their routes. However during certain times, information provided by these tools might be incorrect, particularly if the road maps on the tools are not updated regularly. Wrong information leads to wrong decision making in terms of choosing any particular route. Another major disadvantage of the tool is its dependency on categorization of roads which makes it difficult to determine which questions on the desirability of road categorization considering the safety on the roads (SWOV Fact Sheet – Safety effects of navigation systems 2010). GOOGLE Company: Google Maps, Traffic Sensors, and Crowdsourcing: Google maps, traffic sensors

Colombia population Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Colombia population - Assignment Example The researches also explore the existence of Asian and Chinese ancestry in Colombian population, though its percentage is almost negligible. Consequently, combination of indigenous and Asian population makes less than 2% of total present population of the country. Somehow, it is estimated that European Amerindians, called Mestizo, make up three fifth of the Colombian population followed by Whites, and the European-Africans called Mulatto, percentage of which is one fifth and one seventh of total population respectively. (essortment.com). It is therefore Colombian culture is viewed as the amalgamation of several sub-cultures on the basis of origin, race, ethnicity, region and religion. An overwhelming majority (i.e. 90%) is Roman Catholic, while Protestants, Jews and Muslims are also the part of the population of the country. Urbanization had been in vogue in Colombia by the last decade of twentieth century; consequently over three fourth population lives in cities now. Nearly 5% population consists of elderly citizens (i.e. over 65 years), while one third of Colombians are under 15 years of age. Hence, nearly two fifth of the total population consists of non-productive individuals, while Almost 91% population consists of literate individuals. (Encyclopedia of Nations) Life expectancy is estimated to be 70 and 77 years for males and females respectively, where approximately one sixth of the total population is leading life below the poverty line determined by the UN experts. Though Colombia had won freedom from Spain in July 1810, yet Spanish Laws are followed at political and social forums by the executive, legislature and judiciary. Colombia is a peaceful state, though it undergoes two international disputes; one with the neighboring country Venezuela on the Venezuela Gulf, and the other with Nicaragua over Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno

What Is Professional Competency In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay

What Is Professional Competency In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay Introduction Why is professional competence a fundamental requirement in nursing practice? In satisfying this query, one must reflect on ones functions as a nurse. From this, one can realise the undeniable fact that nurses play a crucial role in the delivery of health care services. The very lives of people are at stake and so one must practice competently. Professional competence is a must in nursing practice. In line with this thought, this essay will explore ones practice of nursing in relation to the Australian Nursing Midwifery Council (ANMC) and the Australian Nursing Federation (ANF) competency standards. This essay will also explore what competence is all about and what it means to be a professionally competent nurse. Main Body The ANMC (2006, p.14) defines competence as the combination of skills, knowledge, attitudes, values and abilities that underpin effective and/or superior performance in a profession or occupational area. Competency in nursing is very well acknowledged and sought by all health care institutions. There is always an inherent desire on the part of health care institutions to determine and improve the competence level of their nurses. In fact, Zuzelo (2009) relate that numerous healthcare institutions are investing time and money into systems that can assess competency of nursing professionals. In highly industrialised nations, competency of nursing professionals is sought after and achieved through competency based approach training (Cowan, Norman Coopamah, 2005). The idea of competence seems to have skills at its core, in particular clinical skills, that is ones essential to best practice (Roberts, 2009). However, skills without knowledge is dangerous, according to Roberts (2009). A pr ofessionally competent nurse does not neglect the important aspect of nursing as a caring profession. Being competent does not only imply that one is very knowledgeable and skilled. It also connotes ones genuine care to patients. It is worthy to declare that caring and competency are not exclusive concepts but are naturally intertwined (Masters, 2005). To be professionally competent is to be properly qualified, capable, adequate for the purpose, and sufficient. As professional nurses, we are competent to practice nursing by virtue of our education and licensure as registered nurses. To be competent however, we must meet additional criteria. The ANMC (2006) competency standards for the registered nurse comprises of 4 domains, namely professional practice, critical thinking and analysis, provision and coordination of care and collaborative and therapeutic practice. From among the sub-classifications of the first domain, what can be considered as most striking in relation to ones practice include the need to practice in accordance with legislation affecting nursing practice and health care as well as the need to practice within a professional and ethical nursing framework (ANMC, 2006). These two sub-classifications are worthy to note because of the fact that moral and legal conflicts often complicate decision making in nursing practice. Nurses are typically confronted with conflicting scenarios which are often both important things to consider. The only dilemma is which of the two must be the top priority. For instance, taking care of a patient who refuses any form of treatment poses a legal dilemma on the part of the nurs e. This is especially true because the ANMC (2006) competency standards direct nurses to recognise and accept the rights of others. On one side, there is the professional desire of the nurse to help the patient by initiating treatment. On the other hand, legal ethics dictate that patients have the right to refuse treatment. In ones personal experience, taking care of a patient whose religion does not allow blood transfusion is a real dilemma. In this particular scenario, the nurse was torn between educating the patient to eventually accept treatment or simply respect the refusal of treatment and just relate to the patient the possible consequences of such refusal. It was clear in the nurses mind that the ANMC (2006) dictates one to accept individuals or groups regardless of race, culture, religion, age, gender, sexual preference, physical or mental state. Furthermore, there is the need to practise in a manner that acknowledges the dignity, culture, values, beliefs and rights of indi viduals or groups (ANMC, 2006). Unfortunately, this is easier said than done especially when one of the above mentioned factors goes against or impedes a crucial treatment that may actually save a patients life. It is true that religious faith is often invoked by patients when their health and wellbeing is threatened. According to Andrews and Boyle (2008) religion is especially crucial to patients during periods of health crisis. Although, adhering to a particular religion is mostly viewed as a positive concept for patients; unfortunately, such adherence does not always result into a positive outcome. It can hinder the patients acceptance to treatment and care. This points out to another important aspect of competence and that is, a deeper understanding of cultural diversity. In line with this, Cherry Jacob (2005) state that health professionals which naturally include nurses, need to respond to the consequences of an increasing cultural diversity of nursing clientele in order to s afeguard the welfare of all health care consumers. Different values and beliefs are adhered to by patients. Community, social and kinship ties, language, religion, food and cultural perceptions of health and wellness are all matters of importance that need to be understood by the nurse when working with culturally diverse patients (Daniels, 2004). Cultural diversity challenges nurses to triumph over cultural gaps with patients by providing culturally appropriate care (Daniels, 2004). Cultural competence is the process whereby a nurse provides care that is suitable to the clients cultural context (Daniels, 2004). In essence, cultural competence is important in the practice of nursing. A nurse is only truly competent if he or she can knowingly handle patients whose entire value system is different from his or her own but still manages to establish and maintain a therapeutic relationship that paves way for effective implementation of nursing actions. Another important issue within the sphere of the first domain of professional practice implies the need to question and/or clarify orders and decisions that are unclear, not understood or questionable (ANMC, 2006). Moreover, there is the necessity to question and/or clarify interventions that appear inappropriate with relevant members of the health care team (ANMC, 2006). In following this directive, a nurse may often hesitate to question the validity of a particular intervention whether it was given by a fellow nurse or by some other health care professional such as a doctor. In ones own practice, hesitation comes from the desire not to create a conflict and bad blood with colleagues and fellow members of the health care team. Unfortunately, in abiding the directive of questioning particular actions of another when deemed inappropriate will more often than not cause some form of disagreement or clash between the professionals. Inter-professional conflicts have been documented since the time of Florence Nightingale (Kalisch Kalisch, 1977 cited in Coombs, 2004). In ones personal experience, the common escape route for this possible conflict is to question an order by way of politely suggesting an alternative which in reality is not an alternative but a recommendation to abolish the questioned order. For example, in questioning a doctors order, the nurse would typically suggest to the doctor the need for the latter to also consider some other assessed patient data with the hope that the doctor will realise that he or she made a mistake instead of directly asking the doctor why he or she prescribed such seemingly inappropriate order. It is an extremely rare scenario where a nurse openly recommends to the doctor to change what the latter has ordered. The subservience of nurses over doctors is a scenario that is very common especially in areas where doctors and nurses are in constant interaction with each other which if pondered upon occurs in almost all areas of a health institution. This particular doctor-nurse type of interaction is referred to as a doctor-nurse game (Stein, 1967 cited in Stein-Parbury, 2008). The doctor-nurse game described over 30 years ago persists in the communication patterns of some doctors and nurses ( Knox Simpson, 2004). In line with this issue, a truly competent nurse knows how to play the game well. He or she is able to question other professionals actions if necessary without causing unhealthy disagreements among them. Effective team behavior operates when health care providers communicate openly and courteously with each other ( Wolf, 2006). The second domain focuses on the implications of researching for evidence based practice (ANMC, 2006). This domain also points out the obligation to participate in ongoing professional development of self and others (ANMC, 2006). In ones own practice of nursing, continuing professional education has always been ones primary goals. It is a way of empowering oneself to be able to keep up with the trends in the practice of nursing. Attending formal and informal lectures and orientations makes one feel more competent. In essence, competence entails seeking out continuing professional education in order to build up a well founded source of knowledge and skills that will be necessary in coping with the dynamic changes in healthcare. Continuing education is intended to ensure health care practitioners knowledge is current (Griscti, 2006). In the advent of modern technology and skyrocketing increase for the demand of high quality care, nurses must be keen in upgrading or at least maintaining the current accepted level of competency required upon them. The high competency required upon nurses is only natural considering the fact that nurses are at the forefront of health care delivery. Nurses who stay abreast of new information and apply evidence-based theory to their practice will be able to provide competent, quality care to their patients (Valloze, 2009). This is the reason why competence is such a crucial issue in the practice of nursing. The salient component of the third domain relates the significance of the nursing process which naturally includes conducting a comprehensive and systematic assessment, planning and implementing safe and effective evidence based nursing care, and then evaluating the expected outcomes (ANMC, 2006). To simply describe it, the nursing process is a problem-solving technique (Carpenito-Moyet, 2007). It is a step by step strategy utilised by a nurse in solving patient problems that come within the scope of nursing practice. In ones own practice of nursing, the tricky part of nursing process is the nursing assessment. Nursing assessment may be defined as the systematic and continuous collection and analysis of information about patients (Rosdahl Kowalski, 2007). It is difficult to confidently say that one has thoroughly assessed a patient. It is because one needs to consider a wide array of factors. There is also the burden to ensure that ones assessment is comprehensive in as much as it b ecomes the basis of nursing and medical interventions. In connection to this, competency in nursing comes when one is able to collect and distinguish which patient information is important and which can be discarded. The care of patients is dependent upon the competency of the nurse is assessing those signs and symptoms that are related to the patients medical condition. For the fourth domain, what is most relevant to ones practice are the need to establish and maintain therapeutic relationship with patients and the necessity to collaborate with other health care professionals in providing comprehensive nursing care (ANMC, 2006). As a nurse, building and sustaining a therapeutic relationship with patients is important. It is the initial step in obtaining patients trust and confidence. Dossey Keegan (2009) declare that it is an important part of nursing care. In an effective therapeutic relationship, patients feel the genuine support of nurses while the nurses feel a certain degree of satisfaction in his or her role (Dossey Keegan, 2009). Initiating a therapeutic relationship with patients is in compliance the ANMC (2006) requirement of undertaking assessments which are sensitive to the needs of individuals or groups. Competency standards in this domain includes that a nurse has the ability to address the physiological, psychological, physical, emot ional and spiritual needs of patients and significant others as well as to optimize the physical and non-physical environment ( Dunn, Lawson Robertson, 2000). A competent nurse always begins his or her interventions by establishing a therapeutic relationship with patients that will increase efficacy of succeeding interventions. The ANF competency standards consist of 3 domains namely conceptualises practice, adapts practice and leads practice (ANF, 2005). As an experienced practitioner, one can meet these competency standards by reflecting on ones own experiences and placing these experiences in correct perspective for future reference. One can learn how to better provide nursing care for a particular scenario by reflecting on previous experiences that are similar to the one currently confronted with. What is required in order to meet the competency standards contained within the first domain is self-reflection. Self-reflection activities are an essential component of expert nursing practice (Dossey Keegan, 2009). This self-reflection; however, must be coupled with formal continuing development or education plus implementation of researches of relevant issues in nursing practice. This is because of the fact that this domain requires use the best available evidence and health and/or nursing models (ANF, 200 5). Research in nursing will help in identifying evidence-based nursing practice (Polit Beck, 2004). For the second domain, one can satisfy the competency standards contained within by being dynamic in finding out possible reliable sources that will support a particular method of rendering nursing care. This is because the second domain directs nurses to draw on a wide repertoire of knowledge and processes to tailor nursing practice in complex and challenging clinical situations (ANF, 2005). Furthermore, as an experienced practitioner, one needs to further upgrade ones technical skills in handling subordinates if any and in abiding by institution policies more strictly. One must also develop how to predict possible scenarios which may result from interventions implemented. The third domain of the ANF competency standards relates the concept of promoting and improving nursing practice through leadership. Definitely, as an experienced practitioner there have been many instances when one has asserted oneself as the leader of the group in order to smoothly direct patient care. For an experienced practitioner to successfully meet the third domain, one must hone ones leadership skills. Honing ones leadership skills does not necessarily mean that one should always act as the team leader. In becoming a leader one must also experience being a member and under the authority of another professionals leadership. The leadership often invoked in this domain is one that solicits active participation of the members. This implies a collaborative leader. Milstead Furlong (2006) state that a collaborative leader is what is most sought in todays health care system. Conclusion To sum up, true professional nursing competence requires accumulation of evidence based knowledge and skills. It also entails understanding cultural diversity and how it affects the kind of care that must be provided. Competence is also equated with genuine care. The ANMC competency standards are crucial in directing the way nurses must think and act. In the same light, the ANF competency standards help experienced nurses to become even better. These competency standards may be idealistic but it is certainly realistic and attainable if only nurses give more of their time reflecting on their own practice and in trying to assimilate through actions these competency standards.

Covenanted Governments :: essays research papers

The covenant is very dear to our modern world, being that many political philosophers that shaped our modern world based much of their theories on a covenanted government. When looking at the United States, the theory was considered important from the Mayflower Compact and on. The theory of â€Å"a covenanted people† is associated with Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau. Our â€Å"framers† took all of the aforementioned history and philosophy in account to develop our virgin nation. The concept of a covenant and covenanted form of government has greatly metamorphisised over time into nations such as ours. The thoughts of its origins are also very electric and diverse. Despite all of these idiosyncrasies, there runs a common thread through a compact form of government, and that is power is in the hand of a sovereign and all involved in the government are there by tactic consent. Around the time the pilgrims rebelled against King James in England, philosophy was abundant, especially that influenced by the belief in god. A majority of the governments around the world were monarchies. As far as our country is concerned, the pilgrims were the first to establish a covenanted government with the Mayflower Compact. This compact stated that all aboard the ship headed for the â€Å"new city of God†, were under the rule of God. Here is the clincher: even though it was a government under the rule of God, the agreement was that the people in God’s name would run the institutions of government. People executed God’s will his â€Å"permission†. In these times, people believe that they were carrying out God’s name and very will. These people weren’t bound together by caprice and whim, but for and out of necessity and deep-rooted religious beliefs. They formed a civil body politics so they may increase their chances at survival. The next vital document that was created in the â€Å"New World† was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This document was closely related to the Mayflower Compact in that it was made in the name of God, it established a theocracy. This document brought people together in a tacit agreement that they would obey the word of God, as interpreted by the people and the sovereign appointed (a magistrate). The fundamental Orders and the Mayflower Compact are very distinct from the Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution in that they are theocracies. The people governed the letter two of the aforementioned; religion played little or no importance.

I Heart DotA: Effects on Human Essay

Defense of the Ancients (DotA) is a multiplayer online battle arena mod for the video game Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and its expansion,Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne, based on the â€Å"Aeon of Strife† map for StarCraft. The objective of the scenario is for each team to destroy the opponents’ Ancients, heavily guarded structures at opposing corners of the map. Players use powerful units known as heroes, and are assisted by allied heroes and AI-controlled fighters. As in role-playing games, players level up their heroes and use gold to buy equipment during the mission. The scenario was developed with the â€Å"World Editor† of Reign of Chaos, and was updated upon the release of its expansion, The Frozen Throne. There have been many variations of the original concept; the most popular being DotA Allstars, which eventually was simplified to DotA with the release of version 6.68. This specific scenario has been maintained by several authors during development, th e latest of whom being the anonymous developer known as â€Å"IceFrog† developing the game since 2005. Since its original release, DotA has become a feature at several worldwide tournaments, including Blizzard Entertainment’s BlizzCon and the AsianWorld Cyber Games, as well as the Cyberathlete Amateur and CyberEvolution leagues; in a 2008 article of video game industry websiteGamasutra, the article’s author claimed that â€Å"DotA is likely the most popular and most-discussed free, non-supported game mod in the world†.Valve Corporation is currently developing a stand-alone sequel, Dota 2. In October 2009, IceFrog was hired by Valve Corporation, leading a team in a project that he described as â€Å"great news for DotA fans†. Valve officially announced the stand-alone sequel to the original mod, Dota 2, in October 2010. Dota 2 follows heavily in the gameplay style of DotA, with aesthetics and heroes working as direct ports to the original mod. In addition to the pre-conceived gameplay constants, Dota 2 also features Steam support and profile tracking, intended to emphasize and support the game’s matchmaking.† The marketing and trademark of Dota as a franchise by Valve gained concern and opposition from the DotA Allstars contributors working at Riot Games, as well as Blizzard Entertainment, both of which legally opposed the franchising of Dota by Valve. The legal dispute was conceded on May 11, 2012, with Valve gaining undisputed franchising rights for commercial use to the trademark, while non-commercial use remains open to the public. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The popularity of Defense of the Ancients has increased over time. The scenario was featured by Computer Gaming World in a review of new maps and mods in Warcraft III. DotA Allstars became an important tournament scenario, starting with its prominence at the debut of Blizzard’s BlizzConconvention in 2005. DotA Allstars was also featured in the Malaysia and Singapore World Cyber Games starting in 2005, and the World Cyber Games Asian Championships beginning with the 2006 season. Defense of the Ancients was included in the game lineup for the internationally recognized Cyberathlete Amateur League and CyberEvolution leagues. Additionally, the scenario appeared in Electronic Sports World Cup (ESWC) 2008; Oliver Paradis, ESWC’s competition manager, noted that the high level of community support behind the scenario, as well as its worldwide appeal, were among the reasons it was chosen. The scenario is popular in many parts of the world; in the Philippines and Thailand, it is played as much as the game Counter-Strike. It is also popular in Sweden and other Northern European countries, where the Defense of the Ancients-inspired song â€Å"Vi sitter i Ventrilo och spelar DotA† by Swedish musician Basshunter reached the European 2006 charts at #116 and cracked the top ten Singles Charts in Sweden, Norway, and Finland. LAN tournaments are a major part of worldwide play, including tournaments in Sweden and Russia; however, due to a lack of LAN tournaments and championships in North America, several teams disbanded. Blizzard points to DotA as an example of what dedicated mapmakers can create using developer’s tools. Due to its popularity, we had made questions that need to be asked. Here are the following questions: 1. What is DotA? 2. Who invented DotA? 3. Why is DotA so addicted? 4. When will DotA be replaced? Will it ever be replaced? 5. Where did DotA originated from? SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS: Our research is all about DotA and our scope and delimitations is just all about the effects of DotA on humans.   Playing this game also triggers the player to lose his/her temper and values. Why? It simply because of the different languages used during the game or what we called â€Å"Trash talks†. Trash talks such as foul languages can really lose their temper and values. As a result, the both sides will fight against each other. Gamble is also present in this game, the highest bet is 5,000 pesos and the lowest is 300 pesos. Again, money for them is not that important anymore. Many players says that â€Å"Dota is the best past time ever,† so it’s OK for them to waste their money. Due to playing, eating is irrelevant; the satisfaction they get from playing is the same as the satisfaction they get from eating. As a result, the body’s immune systems are getting weaker and now expose the different viruses and diseases. All in all, Dota really affects the life style of the youth who are in to this game, although it has one good benefit, but it corrupts the mind and the way the youth think. It also weakened the body system, money and moral values were not given importance because of this game. There are many students and even some young professional are addicted to Defense of the Ancients or DotA. This is a kind of computer games that can be played by many players and is one of the most popular games to young students. Many students get addicted to this game and they even stayed for long hours inside the computer shop just playing this kind of game. There are studies that getting addicted in playing computer games affects their studies and this is the cause why they are lying to their parents that they need extra money for their school project but the truth is they are just using the money to rent a computer where they can play DotA with their classmates. Sometimes in order to make the game exciting, they have a deal to pay those who won the game so it becomes already a form of gambling. When time spent on the computer, playing DotA games or cruising the internet reaches a point that it harms a child’s or adult’s family and social relationships, or disrupts school or work life, that person maybe caught in a cycle of addiction. Like other addictions, DotA game has replaced friends and family as the source of a person, emotional life. Increasingly, to feel good, the addicted person spends more time playing video games or searching the internet. RELATED LITERATURE: * Defense of the Ancients (DotA) is a multiplayer online battle arena mod for the video game Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and its expansion,Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne, based on the â€Å"Aeon of Strife† map for StarCraft. * A changelog is a log or record of changes made to a project, such as a website or software project, usually including such records as bug fixes, new features, etc. Some open source projects include a changelog as one of the top level files in their distribution. * Real-time strategy (RTS) is a sub-genre of strategy video game which does not progress incrementally in turns.[1] Brett Sperry is credited with coining the term to market Dune II. * A role-playing game (RPG and sometimes roleplaying game) is a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting. * Chaos magic, sometimes spelled chaos magick, is a school of the modern magical tradition which emphasizes the pragmatic use of belief systemsand the creation of new and unorthodox methods. * Addiction is the continued use of a mood altering substance or behavior despite adverse dependency consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors. * An experience point (often abbreviated to Exp or XP) is a unit of measurement used in many role-playing games (RPGs) and role-playing video games to quantify a player character’s progression through the game. Experience points are generally awarded for the completion of quests, overcoming obstacles and opponents, and for successful role-playing. * In computer and video gaming, a clan or guild is an organised group of players that regularly play together in particular (or various) multiplayer games. Some people might say that a â€Å"clan† or â€Å"guild† becomes like a family, and that all opinions and decisions represent each single member in the â€Å"clan† or â€Å"guild†. * In software engineering, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created for a computing environment that is different from the one for which it was originally designed (e.g. different CPU, operating system, or third party library). PRESENTATION OF ANALYSIS: Defense of the Ancients (DotA) is a multiplayer online battle arena mod for the video game Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and its expansion,Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne, based on the â€Å"Aeon of Strife† map for StarCraft. The objective of the scenario is for each team to destroy the opponents’ Ancients, heavily guarded structures at opposing corners of the map. Players use powerful units known as heroes, and are assisted by allied heroes and AI-controlled fighters. As in role-playing games, players level up their heroes and use gold to buy equipment during the mission. â€Å"Eul†, Steve â€Å"Guinsoo Feak†, â€Å"Ice Frog† is the inventors of DotA. DotA is addictive because it looks simple but is not. Behind the cutesy heroes and busty heroines, there’s a complex level of management that you need to understand to win the game. Teamwork also factors in, and timing, and a general sense of the area around you. The large amount of choice in the heroes and items you can choose mean that the repetitive value of the game is increased, and that you won’t always be seeing the same things. We think that nothing will replace DotA. Everyone is addicted to it. As long as lots and lots of human plays DotA, it will never be replace.

Medical study of type 2 diabetes in sub-saharan africa The WritePass Journal

Medical study of type 2 diabetes in sub-saharan africa Introduction Medical study of type 2 diabetes in sub-saharan africa IntroductionEpidemiologyRisk FactorsComplicationsTreatmentMajor Challenges and SolutionsConclusionsRelated Introduction In recent times there has been a surge in non-communicable diseases, especially Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This is an extra burden upon the healthcare systems, which already have to cope with the high prevalence of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. I chose to read up on this issue as it is a topic that is not really addressed in the field of diabetes. Epidemiology There were approximately around 200 million people with diabetes worldwide. This figure is on the rise and has the potential to reach around 380 million in the year 2025. This huge increase also is expected to be seen in Africa and Asia. T2DM is the most common form of diabetes with around 90% of diabetic patients. The current prevalence of T2DM in SSA is only a third of the HIV prevalence, however it is estimated to reach the same as current HIV prevalence by 2025. The prevalence is around 1.4% or lower in most SSA countries, however it is raised to around 3% in South Africa. There is also a greater prevalence of the disease in urbanised areas, as apposed to the more rural locations. It has been. The prevalence of diabetes in Africa was around 3 million in 1994, rising to 7.1 million by the year 2000. In 2010 the figure was around 12 million and is set to rise up to around 24 million by the year 2030. This phenomenon may be due to the rapid urbanisation these countries are facing. Risk Factors These factors can be split into modifiable (i.e. can be changed) and non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include the rise in obesity seen in SSA. This rise can be attributed to the rapid urbanisation of SSA countries. A study in 2002 showed the extent of clinically overweight/obese people in South Africa to be 56% for females and around 29% for males. Other studies have shown diabetic patients in SSA have a higher BMI than non-diabetic patients. However, one may argue that it is truncal obesity, which is more closely linked to T2DM than BMI. One study has shown the level of truncal obesity in Cameroon to be 18% in males and 67% in females. This may be due to the consensus that women who are larger are deemed healthier and richer, especially in countries where HIV is prevalent. The diet of the people of SSA is becoming more westernised including the rise of saturated fats, sugars and lower levels of fibre. This paired with rapid urbanisation leading to a more inactive lifestyle is likely to contribute to the rise in T2DM seen. Countries of SSA are also increasing their GDP and so are becoming more prosperous. This is linked with the urbanisation, which has been mentioned. This has lead to the rise in processed foods consumed, inactive lifestyle and inevitable increase in obesity. Non-modifiable risk factors include age and ethnicity. The most common age group for T2DM was 45-65 year. Some studies showed that more women had T2DM than women in certain SSA countries. There is also an effect from ethnic origin, for example some countries have a higher population of Indian people, where the prevalence of T2DM is higher. Other risk factors include TB or the use of antivirals, which may increase the likelihood of contracting T2DM. Complications Complications arising from T2DM can either be classified as macrovascular or microvascular. Macrovascular complications include cardiovascular disease and stroke. Microvascular complications include nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Patients from developed countries have greater macrovascular morbidity, whereas in SSA the opposite is true. In developed countries T2DM mortality is due to CVD and renal complications, however in SSA the mortality is greatly due to infections and metabolic problems. Infections include sepsis and TB. Metabolic problems are usually keto-acidosis and hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma. However there is still a lot of un-obtained data, which is due to the poor documentation of the cause of death. It is one of the challenges to increase the number of deaths reported, and also to report it accurately. Treatment The key to decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with T2DM is to maintain good control over the blood glucose levels. This can be achieved using a diet management plan, exercise and, if needed, the use of appropriate medication. Drugs, which can be administered, include sulphonylureas, which promote insulin secretion after a rise in glucose levels. Meglitinides, which are insulin secretagogues. Biguanides such as Metformin, decrease the rate of gluconeogenesis and thus lower blood glucose. Insulin can also be used as a last resort in T2DM to maintain good glucose control. A study has highlighted the poor blood-glucose control for patients with T2DM in SSA. These were patients who were on various different treatment regimens ranging from sulphonylureas to insulin. This maybe due to lack of availability of drugs, high cost of drugs/lack of funds, lack of adherence, lack of patient education and late presentation. One paper showed that a few health care settings in Tanzania only had a couple of sulphonylureas and insulin in their drug stores. Major Challenges and Solutions To understand why there is poor care of patients with T2DM in SSA, one has to identify the problems that are faced in order to create a solution. The economy of these countries is already stretched and so have low healthcare budgets. This means that there is not enough money to purchase drugs and provide optimal healthcare to T2DM patients who require chronic care. This problem is exacerbated due to the fact that communicable diseases such as HIV take up more of the budget, leaving a decreasing amount of money to be spent on non-communicable chronic conditions. There is also a lack of qualified healthcare providers and so insufficient manpower. This maybe due to the lack of training and courses in order to create these qualified healthcare providers. There are also poor healthcare referral systems. This inevitably shows the lack of organisation within the healthcare systems in SSA. This needs to be tackled by reorganising the healthcare infrastructure and create/improve training programmes for the staff. Greater drug supply is also essential. One study showed that there was a lack of insulin in some SSA countries such as Mali. There also needs to be improved access to care, as many patients can’t reach the required level of care in order to manage their T2DM well. There is also poor patient education in SSA, and so this leads to poor adherence of treatments as well as poor glycaemic control. T2DM is a chronic disease and so patient education is key in good management of the disease in order to decrease complications arising. Greater primary and secondary prevention strategies need to be established, as this will be economically beneficial. Interventions need to be cost effective as there are limited resources and funds. A lot of the data collected regarding T2DM care is inaccurate or just simply not collected. In order to assess the characteristics of the disease in SSA, better data collection methods need to be initiated. Poor record keeping is detrimental to the care of the T2DM patient, where glucose monitoring ensures stable control. An example to follow is the National Diabetes and Hypertension Program in Cameroon. This initiative saw the coming together of health-care providers, policy-makers and people from the community in order to tackle the growing epidemic of T2DM in SSA. Strategies are shown in figure 2. This program ensured greater monitoring, documentation as well as better interventions which all lead to better care for T2DM patients. Conclusions With the rapid urbanisation and greater prosperity seen in sub-Saharan Africa, T2DM is becoming an underestimated epidemic. With the focus on communicable diseases, the care of T2DM is not improving, as seen by the multitude of problems faced in SSA. Strained healthcare budgets mean that it is necessary, more than ever, to produce cost-effective initiatives. Governments need to understand the dangers of communicable diseases as well as non-communicable diseases. Better primary and secondary prevention strategies need to be created to target issues such as the rising levels of obesity. Governments need to issue better guidelines, training and promote policymaking. Initiatives such as National Diabetes and Hypertension Program in Cameroon have had very positive feedback and have set the standard for other governments within SSA. If this problem is not addressed, there will be a negative impact on T2DM morbidity and mortality. This will inevitably reduce the socioeconomic growth in SSA countries, which is vital for the prosperity of the country.